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    [代词(下)] 什么情况下用名词性物主代词

    时间:2018-12-28 03:25:01 来源:柠檬阅读网 本文已影响 柠檬阅读网手机站

      七、不定代词:      不具体指明代替任何特殊名词或形容词的代词叫不定代词。不定代词一般代替名词和形容词,在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。   常见的不定代词有:all, each, every , both ,either, neither, one , none, (a) little, (a)few, many ,much, other, another, some,any,no, 以及由some, any, no,every 与body, one,thing 构成的合成不定代词。
      
      1. one, ones 的用法
      (1) one 可用作代词,代替前面已经出现过的单数可数名词,以避免重复。若无定语修饰,one 不带冠词;若有定语修饰,one 就必须带冠词。
      Which bike is yours, Mike?
       迈克,哪一辆自行车是你的?
      The blue one. 那辆蓝色的。
      I have lost my pencil-box.
      我把铅笔盒弄丢了。
      You can buy one in the school shop.
      你可以在学校的商店里买一个。
      We like that one ,the one with four pockets.
       我们喜欢那一件,那一件有四个衣袋。
      (2) ones 一般代替复数可数名词(也可以用those)。例如:
      These books are mine and those (ones) are my brother’s.
      这些书是我的,而那些书是我哥哥的。
      I have several new colour pencils and some old ones.
      我有一些新的彩色铅笔和一些旧的彩色铅笔。
      Uncle Wang likes these machines, but doesn’t like the ones over there.
      王叔叔喜欢这些机器,而不喜欢那边的那些。
      
      2. some, any 的用法
      (1) some, any 都是表示不定数量的代词不达意,都可以作主语、宾语和定语。后面可以跟可数名词的复数或不可数名词,意为“一些”。some 一般用于肯定句,any 用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句。但表建议请求的疑问句中用some。例如:
      The boy asked the teacher some questions.
      这个孩子问了老师一些问题。
      Have you any paper?
      你有纸吗?
      Would you like some coffee?
      你想要点咖啡吗?
      If you have any time, please wait for me.
      如果你有时间,请等着我。
      (2) some, any 与thing, body, one 构成的合成不定代词的用法与some, any 一样。例如:
      Let’s have something English to eat today.
      我们今天吃点英式风味的东西吧。
      There’s something wrong with your foot.
      你的脚有点毛病。
      Anyone can do it easily.
      任何人都能很容易地做这件事。
      (3) 在否定句中,some 表示半否定,any 表示全否定。例如:
      I don’t know some of the new words.
      我只认识其中的部分生词。(我不全认识那些生词)
      She doesn’t know any of the new words.
      这些生词她一个也不认识。(一个生词也不认识)
      
      3. many, much 的用法
      (1) many, much 均表示“许多”。Many修饰可数名词,much 修饰不可数名词。例如:
      Many students are watching a football match.
      许多学生正在观看足球赛。
      Much work needs to be done today.
      今天有大量工作需要做。
      There are many kinds of flowers in the park.
      这个公园里有许多种花。
      There is much room on the bus.
      公共汽车上有许多空地儿。
      (2) many, much在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语,有时也可以作状语,主要用于否定句及疑问句中(在肯定句中多用a lot of, lots of, plenty of)。例如:
      Many of the children like playing games.
      许多孩子喜欢做游戏。(主语)
      They don’t have much milk to send today.
      今天他们没有许多牛奶要送。(定语)
      In much of China, is spring usually very short?
      在中国的大部分地区,春季通常很短吗?(介词宾语)
      (3) much可以修饰形容词或副词的比较级。例如:
      You look much better today than yesterday.
      你今天看上去比昨天好多了。
      She likes maths much better than physics.
      物理与数学相比,她更喜欢数学。
      This books is much more interesting than that one.
      这本书比那本书更有趣。
      (4) many、much可以后接more,many more代替或修饰可数名词复数,much more 后接不可数名词。例如:
      Li Lin has many more books than I .
      李林比我拥有更多的书。
      This cow produces much more milk than that one. 这头牛比那头牛产奶多很多。
      (5)“many a (an)+名词单数”与“many+名词复数”意义相同。例如:
      Many a young man comes here for a swimming.=Many young men come here for a swimming.许多年轻人来这儿游泳。
      Many a film is very interesting.=Many films are very interesting. 许多电影很有趣。
      
      4. both, all 的用法
      (1) all 代表或修饰三个或三个以上的人或物,也可代表或修饰不可数名词,在句中用作主语、表语、宾语、同位语或定语。例如:
      All are working hard.
      所有的人都在努力学习。(主语)
      What I want to say is all.
      我想说的话就这些。(表语)
      He told me all about it.
      他把一切都告诉了我。(宾语)
      All the apples on the tree grow big.
      树上所有的苹果都长大了。(定语)
      Mr Chen knows us all.
      陈先生认识我们大家。(同位语)
      (2) both代表或修饰两个人或物,在句中用作主语、宾语、同位语或定语。可构成“both...and…”结构,表示“两者都……”。例如:
      My twin sisters are both fifteen years old.
      我的两个双胞胎妹妹都15岁了。
      Both of them are good at English.
      他们两个人都擅长英语。
      There are a lot of buildings on both sides of the street.街道的两旁有许多建筑物。
      
      5. neither, either的用法
      1) 共同点
      两者都可以用作主语、宾语和定语。neither和either在句中作主语时,谓语动词必须用单数形式;作定语时,其后名词均用单数。例如:
      There are many shops on either side of the road.
      马路的两边都有许多商店。(定语)
      Neither of my parents has come yet.
      我父母都还没回来。(主语)
      --Which one do you like better?
      你更喜欢哪一个?
      --Either is OK. 哪一个都行。(主语)
      2)不同点
      neither表示否定含义,可构成“neither...nor...”的句型;either表示“两人或物中的任何一个”,表示肯定意义,可构成“either…or…”句型。例如:
      Neither my sister nor my brother likes dancing.我哥哥和姐姐都不喜欢舞蹈。
      Neither my parents nor I was at home yesterday.我和我父母昨天都不在家。
      Either you or your father will go with her.
      或者你或者你爸爸将与她一起去。
      Either China or Japan will hold the big meeting.或者中国或者日本将举办这次大型会议。
      6. none, no one 的用法
      (1) none表示“(三者或三者以上)一个也没有”。none用作名词时,在句中一般作主语和宾语。none代替可数名词作主语时,谓语动词既可以用单数也可以用复数;none代替不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。例如:
      None of the stories are (is) instructive.
      没有一个故事有教育意义。
      None of the students are (is) late today.
      今天没有一个学生迟到。
      None of the water in the river is polluted.
      河里的水都没有被污染。
      (2) no one(=nobody)指人,意为“没有人”、“无人”,作主语时,其谓语动词永远用单数。例如:
      No one knows you here except me.
      在这儿除了我没有人认识你。
      No one like staying at such a place.
      没有人喜欢呆在这样一个地方。
      No one seems to be in a hurry.
      好像没有人着急。
      (3) 在回答how many 或how much 引出的问题时,用none 来表达“一个也没有”;而在回答who 引出的问句时,如表示“没有人”,用no one 来回答。例如:
      ――How many birds are there in the tree?
      树上有几只鸟?
      ��None. 一只也没有。
      ��How much water do you have in the cup?
      你那个杯子里有多少水?
      ��None.没有了。
      ��Who will come here and help you?
      谁将来给你帮忙?
      ��No one. 没有人。
      
      7.other, another的用法
      
      (1) another(=an other)表示“别的;另一个”。泛指众多中的另一个,作定语时一般后面接单数名词,有时也可指几个,another的前面不能用the.。例如:
      Would you like another banana?
      你还要一个香蕉吗?
      The ball goes from one boy to another.
      球从一个男孩传给另一个男孩。
      I have three pens. One is red, another is black ,the third is blue.
      我有三支钢笔,一支是红色的,一支是黑色的,另一支是蓝色的。
      (2) the other表示两个中的“另一个(常用于one…,the other…)”。例如:
      She has two radios, one is new, the other is old.
      她有两台收音机,一台是新的,另一台是旧的。
      Only two bikes left. One is yours, the other is Mike’s .
      只剩下两辆自行车了。一辆是你的,另外一辆是迈克的。
      There are two TV sets in the hall. One is made in Japan, the other is made in China.
      大厅里有两台电视机。一台是日本产的,另一台是中国产的。
      (3) other, others (=other+名词)“别的,其他的”,可以构成“some…,others…”结构,意为“一些……,另外一些……”。例如:
      Some are playing basketball, others are running.一些人在打篮球,一些人在跑步。
      Some people went to the cinema, others stayed at home.
      一些人去看电影,一些人呆在家里。
      (4) the others(=the other+名词)意为“其余的”(=the rest)。例如:
      There are three children in his family. One is a girl, the others are boys.他家里有三个孩子。一个是女孩子,其余的是男孩。
      Some of the players are from Shandong. The others are from Jiangsu.
      一些队员来自山东,其余的来自江苏。
      
      8. little, a little, few, a few 的用法
      (1) little, a little 用来代替或修饰不可数名词;little 表示“不多”、“几乎没有”,在意义上是否定的。a little 表示“虽少但还有一些”、“一点儿”,在意义上是肯定的。例如:
      There is a little water in the river.
      河里有少量的水。
      There is little food in the fridge.
      冰箱里几乎没有食物了。
      Here’s a little milk for you .
      给你一些牛奶。
      Only a little time is left. Let’s hurry.
      只剩下一点时间了。我们快点吧。
      There’s little room to put a desk in the room.
      房间里几乎没有放一张桌子的空间了。
      (2)few, a few 用来代替或修饰可数名词,a few 表示“一些,少数几个”,有肯定意义;few 表示“几乎没有,极少”,有否定意义。在句子中作主语、宾语和定语。例如:
      There are a few flowers here in the early spring.
      在早春这儿有一些花。
      She has afew important things to do.
      她有几件重要的事情要做。
      I have few pencils now.
      我现在几乎没有铅笔了。
      She has few friends here.
      她在这儿几乎没有朋友。
      
      9.each ,every 的用法
      (1)each 通常强调个体,指有限的数目,尤其指两个中的每一个时,有时可用both 代替;而every 强调共性,指三个或三个以上的人或事物中的“每一个”,有时同all 接近。例如:
      There are young trees on each side of the new street.这条新街道的两旁都是小树。
      On every side of the lake ,there is a forest.
      在湖的四周是森林。
      (2)every 只用作定语,用在单数名词前,而each 具有形容词、代词和副词三种词性,在句中作定语、主语或状语,用作单数。例如:
      Not every person likes this kind of food.
      并非每个人都喜欢这种食品。(作定语)
      Each worker is proud of the company.
      每个工人都为公司感到骄傲。(作定语)
      They planted a tree on the hill each.
      他们每个人在山上栽了一棵树。(作状语)
      
      10、no的用法
      (1)no 用作不定代词时,只能作定语,意为“not any, not a (an)”。例如:
      Time and tide wait for no man.
      岁月不等人。
      There are no people in the park now.
      现在公园里没有人。
      (2)no 还可以用作副词,修饰形容词或副词的比较级,构成“no+形容词或副词的比较级+than 结构,意为“决不比……”。例如:
      She is no thinner than I .
      她决不比我瘦。(她和我一样胖)
      Your maths is no better than mine.
      你的数学决不比我的好。(你的数学和我的一样差)
      He is no earlier than I .
      他决不比我早。(他和我一样晚)
      (3)no 可以用作语气词,来回答一般疑问句。例如:
      ��Do you enjoy watching football games?
      你喜欢看足球赛吗?
      ��NO, I don’t .
      不,不喜欢。
      
      11、由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词的用法
      some, any, no, every 可以和one, body, thing 构成复合代词,它们的用法与some, any 的用法相同。
      
      例如:
      Do you have anything to do today?
      你今天有事做吗?
      I have nothing to say for myself.
      我没有什么替自己辩解的。
      Is there anybody at home?
      家里有人吗?
      Everything will be ready soon.
      过一会儿一切都会准备好的。
      
      八疑问代词
      
      1、疑问代词who, whom, whose, what 和which 等的用法
      疑问代词的在句子中用来构成疑问句。who 常用作主语及表语,whom 作宾语,whose, what和which 可用作主语、表语、宾语及定语。疑问代词还可以用来引导主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句。疑问代词有格的变化,还有指人和指物的区别。例如:
      Which is yours, the white one or the red one?
      哪个是你的,白色的还是红色的?(作主语)
      Whose is better? 谁的更好?(作主语)
      What "s your mother?
      你妈妈是干什么的?(作表语)
      Whose are these books?
      那些书是谁的?(作表语)
      Whom are you waiting for?
      你在等谁?(作介词的宾语)
      Which would you like?
      你想要哪一个?(作宾语)
      Which bike is hers?
      哪一辆自行车是她的?(作定语)
      Whose pen is that? 那是谁的钢笔?(作定语)
      2.疑问代词与不定式连用
      疑问代词可以与不定式连用,在句子中作主语宾语、表语等。例如:
      I don’t know which to choose.
      我不知道选择哪一个。(作宾语)
      The problem is what to do next.
      问题是下一步怎么办。(作表语)
      
      九、关系代词
      
      关系代词who, whom, whose,that, which 等用来引导定语从句,置于被修饰的词之后。
      1用who ,whom whose that修饰人
      The thief who stole my books ran away.
      偷我书的小偷逃跑了。
      The old man whom I’m looking after is Grandpa.
      我正在照顾的老人是我爷爷。
      The girl whose father is a policeman is a student of mine.
      那个她爸爸是警察的女孩子是我的一个学生。
      The policemen are searching for the man who killed the panda.
      警察正在搜捕那个杀害大熊猫的人。
      2用which, whose, that 修饰物
      I’m looking for the pen which my uncle bought me.
      我正在找我叔叔给我买的那支钢笔。
      They are doing the homework which (that) their teachers told them to do.
      他们正在做老师布置的作业。
      The house whose door faces the north is Tom’s.
      门朝北的那栋房子是汤姆的。

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