硕士毕业论文开题报告写作

　 硕士毕业论文开题报告的写作

　 开题报告是硕士学位毕业论文工作的重要环节，是指为阐述、审核和确定学位论文题目而做的专题书面报告，它是硕士实施学位论文课题研究的前瞻性计划和依据，是监督和保证硕士学位论文质量的重要措施，同时也是训练硕士科研能力与学术作品撰写能力的有效的实践活动。

　 《中国青年报》报道:复旦大学新闻学院xx级硕士所做学位论文开题报告，仅有不到1/3的博士硕士获一次性通过，而78位硕士硕士，10人没获通过，仅有19人获一次性通过。这在复旦大学乃至于全国硕士教育的历史上“都很少见”。但据笔者了解，倘若以严肃的眼光审视目前学位与硕士教育的开题报告工作，可以说，管理部门、导师、硕士三者均不同程度地存在着认识不足的问题———视“开题报告为走过场”、视“开题报告为形式”。除思想上重视不足外，对开题报告的撰写方法缺乏了解也是重要原因之一。鉴于此，笔者结合自己的管理工作体会，就开题报告的写作技巧和方法做一探讨。

　 1、选题的原则

　 硕士学位论文选题一般要求满足以下原则。

　 ①开拓性:前人没有专门研究过或虽已研究但尚无理想的结果，有待进一步的探讨和研究，或是学术界有分歧，有必要深入研究探讨的问题;②先进性:硕士学位论文要有新的见解，博士学位论文要做出创造性成果;③成果的必要性:所选课题应有需要背景，针对实际的和科学发展的需要，即应有实际效益或学术价值;④成果的可能性:课题的内容要有科学性，难易程度和工作量要适当，充分考虑到在一定时间内获得成果的可能性。

　 以上要求说明，题目不是给定的，而是研究出来的，只有在对所研究领域的过去、现在的研究资料等信息进行全面把握、深入分析的基础上，才能够确立满足以上“四性”要求的选题，从而为完成高质量的学位论文奠定坚实的基础。无论是结合导师已有科研任务的选题，还是自选课题，选题之前的“信息积累”与“发现问题”均是硕士所必须经历的过程，尽管导师已完成了以上过程，但导师并不能替代硕士，这就是硕士学习、研究的独立性要求。

　 2、开题报告的内容与撰写要求

　 开题报告的内容一般包括题目、立论依据、研究方案、条件分析等。

　 题目　题目是学位论文中心思想的高度概括，要求:①准确、规范。要将研究的问题准确地概括出来，反映出研究的深度和广度，反映出研究的性质，反映出实验研究的基本要求———处理因素、受试对象及实验效应等。用词造句要科学、规范。②简洁。

　 要用尽可能少的文字表达，一般不得超过20个汉字。

　 立论依据　要考虑①选题的目的与意义，即回答为什么要研究，交代研究的价值及需要背景。一般先谈现实需要———由存在的问题导出研究的实际意义，然后再谈理论及学术价值，要求具体、客观，且具有针对性，注重资料分析基础，注重时代、地区或单位发展的需要，切忌空洞无物的口号。②国内外研究现状，即文献综述，要以查阅文献为前提，所查阅的文献应与研究问题相关，但又不能过于局限。

　 与问题无关则流散无穷;过于局限又违背了学科交叉、渗透原则，使视野狭隘，思维窒息。所谓综述的“综”即综合，综合某一学科领域在一定时期内的研究概况;“述”更多的并不是叙述，而是评述与述评，即要有作者自己的独特见解。要注重分析研究，善于发现问题，突出选题在当前研究中的位置、优势及突破点;要摒弃偏见，不引用与导师及本人观点相悖的观点是一个明显的错误。综述的对象，除观点外，还可以是材料与方法等。此外，文献综述所引用的主要参考文献应予著录，一方面可以反映作者立论的真实依据，另一方面也是对原著者创造性劳动的尊重。

　 研究方案　要考虑①研究的目标。只有目标明确、重点突出，才能保证具体的研究方向，才能排除研究过程中各种因素的干扰。②研究的内容。要根据研究目标来确定具体的研究内容，要求全面、详实、周密，研究内容笼统、模糊，甚至把研究目的、意义当作内容，往往使研究进程陷于被动。③研究的方法。选题确立后，最重要的莫过于方法。假如对牛弹琴，不看对象地应用方法，错误便在所难免，相反，即便是已研究过的课题，只要采取一个新的视角，采用一种新的方法，也常能得出创新的结论。④研究的过程。整个研究在时间及顺序上的安排，要分阶段进行，对每一阶段的起止时间、相应的研究内容及成果均要有明确的规定，阶段之间不能间断，以保证研究进程的连续性。⑤拟解决的关键问题。对可能遇到的最主要的、最根本的关键性困难与问题要有准确、科学的估计和判断，并采取可行的解决方法和措施。⑥创新点。要突出重点，突出所选课题与同类其他研究的不同之处。

　 条件分析　突出仪器设备等物质条件的优势。

　 明确协作单位及分工，分工要合理，明确各自的工作及职责，同时又要注意全体人员的密切合作。提倡成立导师组，导师组成员的选择要充分考虑课题研究的实际需要，要以知识结构的互补为依据。

　 以上就开题报告之构成要素的撰写进行了简要的介绍。要写好开题报告，除了掌握必要的写作方法之外，笔者认为，思想上一定高度重视，平时要勤动笔，并善于学习借鉴他人开题报告的优点。

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　mplement the Scientific Outlook on Development based XX youth career development planning in accordance with the" 11th Five-Year "," building a first-class team, with first-class team. First-class performance, the overall requirements of first-class image of the tree ", focusing on" human services, standardized management, work fine, first-class achievements ", give full play to staff assistant, supervision and inspection, comprehensive coordination, service guarantee, focus on the global and group work of the Communist Youth League in the city Municipal Party Central work, and strive to improve the decision-making ability, comprehensive coordination ability, writing ability, supervision ability, logistics ability, innovation ability, continuously consolidate and maintain the education on Party members'advancement activities and enhance awareness of the Communist Youth League education achievements, and vigorously promote the construction of civilization advanced units, units and staff home building activities, balanced, focused, pragmatic, innovation, high standard, high quality, high level, high efficiency to complete various tasks throughout the year.First, pay close attention to research information, efforts to improve decision-making servicesIn accordance with the "information reflect the information, promote the work of information leading work" requirements, adhere to grasp the team construction, mechanism construction and quantitative assessment, give full play to the assistant role of leadership, actively promote the innovation of research information development, and vigorously promote the research work of information to mention upgrading, efforts to improve the ability and level of decision-making.(a) adhere to the decision in the first place. To make the decision service as the focus of the work, participate in the point, and in the key place, in order to promote the democratization of decision-making, scientific advice. Based on the city's youth career "11th Five-Year" good bureau and the Communist Youth League work across the development, focus on the implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development theory and practice subject adolescents and youth work process of building a socialist harmonious society, pay close attention to the global, strategic, forward-looking major problems, grasp the overall situation, pay attention to plan and implement the specific tasks assigned by the leadership from the overall situation, think ahead on major issues concerning the overall situation, in-depth Study, grasp the dynamic, put forward suggestions, reflect in time.(two) adhere to the investigation. As an important way to firmly grasp the important link of scientific and democratic decision-making, focus on key leadership concern, concern and hot points of youth practice work, adhere to the practice to investigate and research, fully and accurately grasp the actual situation, for the leadership decision-making comes from practice, practical to provide first-hand information. To enhance the initiative, according to municipal Party committee leadership activities, week activities, in the "research" make great efforts to provide more targeted for leadership, predictability and effectiveness of comments and suggestions.(three) adhere to the information planning as an important means of expanding. The sources of information, through the network, the media and other channels, increase integration efforts the work of the Communist Youth League and youth information dynamic information resources, increase the information planning efforts to refine the Communist Youth League, and give full play to the role of information reference, to improve the quality of information as a fundamental, outstanding information work sensitivity and timeliness, timely, accurately, comprehensively reflect the municipal Party committee, municipal government, the Central Committee of the implementation of a major deployment, leadership attention, hot and difficult issues of concern to the masses and some important emergencies, timely provide all kinds of deep and valuable component of the following information. Continue to deepen the information research and information feedback system, information report system, information reporting system, information delivery system and information notification system, and constantly improve the information work of the assessment, incentive mechanism, improve the long-term mechanism to improve the information work of sustainable development.Two, pay close attention to contact and communication, efforts to improve the ability of comprehensive coordinationGive full play to a contact, pivotal role, coordination of the parties in accordance with the standard, efficient, high quality principles, firmly establish the principle of service, and effectively improve the level of policy theory, grasp the method of coordinating work, conscientiously do service leadership, service and Service Corps cadres.(a) do to actively carry out coordination. Upstream municipal Party committee, municipal government work report, and the central mission to understand, grasp the key ideas and working organs, targeted focus on reporting the work of mission, to focus on the city's superior league, major activities, attention, support and help.(two) do parallel coordination. To strengthen the contact and communication with the municipal departments, actively seek for the work of care, support, optimize the external environment. To strengthen the group work of the Communist Youth League and other provinces and cities, to grasp the work around the dynamic, active learning around the work experience, the effective integration of resources within the group, and the Communist Youth League career development.(three) earnestly grassroots coordination. Further increase communication efforts, strengthen the organizations at various levels to guide the work of the office and communication, to ensure the situation, reported lower levels of strength, and strive to the grassroots, inspired by the basic spirit of innovation, the formation of good ability of the league office work.Three, pay close attention to the quality of official documents, efforts to improve the ability to deal with textAdhere to high standards, strict requirements, careful attention to the drafting of the draft work, strict document drafting, audit clearance, proof reading and quality control, and strive to improve the ability to deal with the text, and the overall work of the service center.(a) earnestly. To further establish the draft document presentation system research, adhere to the practice, especially the drafting of important days and months multiplying, concentrating on the presentation of the research, understand the situation the situation, fully understand the intention of the leadership, to ensure the output, quality, and constantly improve the quality of manuscript. A manuscript quality appraisal system, the implementation of quantitative assessment, each quarter the comparison of office draft manuscript quality. Establish a reward system to reward the outstanding manuscript selection out, the wrong investigated persons responsible for the major errors.(two) strict master document quality. Strengthening document quality awareness, efforts in the drafting of documents, audit checks, printed all aspects of efforts, strict policy documents audit, content, format and procedures, adhere to the upper and lower check, and check before and after the check, ensure the document style format in the understanding of leadership intentions in place, ideas in the language in place, and strive to improve the quality of various documents.(three) a comprehensive specification document operation. To further standardize the document transfer procedures, emphasizing the precision in document processing, in strict accordance with the operating procedures document sign, registration, approval, distribution, handling, repaying, filing, ensure the document processing standard, accurate, and efficient. Especially to strict dispatch, strict audit document content. Strictly implement the document procedures step by step Shenqian, strict and unified file format, to ensure the normative document. Further the implementation of electronic document processing mode, the full implementation of OA office system, efforts to improve the work efficiency.Four, pay close attention to the work of supervision, efforts to improve the executive abilityThe city's major issues and focus on the overall work of the Communist Youth League to carry out supervision and inspection, insist on the idea, the handling of the key, efforts to promote the implementation of decisions, to ensure that government decrees.(a) on the center of focus on supervision. In accordance with the "grasp the overall situation, focused, practical, quantitative refinement" principle, conscientiously fulfill the supervision function, focusing on the important deployment, major decisions of the party will, secretary's office, department heads meeting agreed matters assigned by the leadership group, the book down and do the important matters and the regiment the key work to focus on supervision, to ensure that the inspection item piece is an echo, everything in the bag, to promote the work carried out smoothly.(two) grasp the key special supervision. According to different periods of work needs, focus on leadership, social concern, hot and difficult problem of youth reflects the implementation of regular and dynamic supervision of special work assigned by the leadership of the special work of tracking supervision, regularly held the Department responsible for the regular inspection work carried out inspection stage. Check or the implementation of the work, to the work of the special supervision and implementation.(three) innovative ways to promote the supervision. To further improve the effectiveness of supervision and inspection work, really play a role in promoting the implementation work. To further improve and perfect the supervision report system, inspection notification system, regularly carry out random checks of the supervision matters, to highlight the effectiveness of the inspection work, to effectively promote the work carried out.Five, pay close attention to daily management, efforts to improve logistical support capacityAccording to "do great things, do small things, start from the details; General requirements from the overall situation", pay close attention to daily management, enhance the foresight and initiative work, do the work of early preparation, program cost fine plan, artful arrangement, high quality services.(a) further strengthen the authority of hardware construction. Combined with the "three hit" work, to further promote the party organ culture construction, and actively carry out party building advanced units, units of civilization, to create the homes of the workers, further standardize internal office conditions, perfect decoration authorities canteen, strengthening the Office building management, further improve the authority office environment.(two) to further strengthen the organization system construction. The implementation of the municipal Party committee of various rules and regulations, in accordance with the norms of management, efficient principle, perfect all kinds of meetings, document processing, logistics system, perfect a set of scientific and reasonable comprehensive coverage, the rules of the system. To strengthen the day-to-day management work, continuously enhance the rigor and the scientific management, according to the requirements of task decomposition, refinement of quantitative indicators, realize the work determination, work process standardization, work system, to promote the daily work efficient and orderly operation.(three) to further strengthen the fine financial management authority. Hold on to open source, to further increase funding for efforts, multi-channel for funding, strengthen the overall financial institutions. The authorities adhere to grasp the throttle, vehicle maintenance, major conference activities, network maintenance and other major expenditure to implement the budget control at the beginning of the year, authorities to strictly implement the financial management system, do a good job the pre final accounts, financial institutions, financial analysis and financial statements related. Adhere to the financial reporting system, improve the efficiency in the use of assets, and the Communist Youth League work continued to develop.(four) to further strengthen security work earnestly. Confidentiality of confidential confidential documents, strict implementation of the management system, security system, focus on the secret of the computer and network security management, strict management measures. Actively carry out regular security education, provided security awareness high cadres of workers, to prevent the loss occurred leak phenomenon. To strengthen the archives management work, conscientiously implement the archives, seal management system, actively carry out the relevant documents, materials, letters and pictures materials collection, registration and filing. The strict safety responsibility system, strictly holidays and night security duty system, strengthen the major work Moving safety work, to ensure safe and orderly.(five) to further strengthen the daily service work. To firmly establish the "rules as standard" point of view, whether do the text, do, act, or on duty, reception, security in strict accordance with the rules, according to the procedures, to ensure standardized operation. Take care of cadres of workers life, seriously deal with the party to do things for the project for the masses and actively improve the cadres of workers welfare. Strict management of vehicles, official vehicles. To ensure the implementation of office smile service system and first asked the first joint service system, the implementation of service complaints system, ensure the quality of service continues to increase.Six, pay close attention to team building, focus on improving the ability to open up innovationIn accordance with the "build a first-class team, with first-class team, a first-class performance, tree class image," the overall requirements, and vigorously strengthen the construction of cadres and workers, and promote the healthy growth of cadres and workers and all-round development.(a) establish the right work ethic. Firmly establish the concept of office work, have a brilliant future, strengthen the sense of innovation, enhance innovation and courage, to free from old ideas, actively respond to the development requirements of the new situation, actively adapt to the new leadership strictly from the high requirements, innovation and breakthrough, promote office work the steps in innovation.(two) to strengthen the ideological and political construction. Continue to consolidate communist education on Party members'advancement activities and enhance awareness of the Communist Youth League education achievements, serious ideological and political work of office staff, carry out the "dedication in the post work, first-class theme contest activities, and guide the cadres and workers to firmly establish a correct outlook on life. And values, the firm high political consciousness, firm political position, strict political discipline, strengthen the cadres and workers of political awareness, overall awareness, sense of service, efforts to form a diligent, efficient, innovative,Rigorous working atmosphere.(three) to carry out the policy theo

　mplement the Scientific Outlook on Development based XX youth career development planning in accordance with the" 11th Five-Year "," building a first-class team, with first-class team. First-class performance, the overall requirements of first-class image of the tree ", focusing on" human services, standardized management, work fine, first-class achievements ", give full play to staff assistant, supervision and inspection, comprehensive coordination, service guarantee, focus on the global and group work of the Communist Youth League in the city Municipal Party Central work, and strive to improve the decision-making ability, comprehensive coordination ability, writing ability, supervision ability, logistics ability, innovation ability, continuously consolidate and maintain the education on Party members'advancement activities and enhance awareness of the Communist Youth League education achievements, and vigorously promote the construction of civilization advanced units, units and staff home building activities, balanced, focused, pragmatic, innovation, high standard, high quality, high level, high efficiency to complete various tasks throughout the year.First, pay close attention to research information, efforts to improve decision-making servicesIn accordance with the "information reflect the information, promote the work of information leading work" requirements, adhere to grasp the team construction, mechanism construction and quantitative assessment, give full play to the assistant role of leadership, actively promote the innovation of research information development, and vigorously promote the research work of information to mention upgrading, efforts to improve the ability and level of decision-making.(a) adhere to the decision in the first place. To make the decision service as the focus of the work, participate in the point, and in the key place, in order to promote the democratization of decision-making, scientific advice. Based on the city's youth career "11th Five-Year" good bureau and the Communist Youth League work across the development, focus on the implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development theory and practice subject adolescents and youth work process of building a socialist harmonious society, pay close attention to the global, strategic, forward-looking major problems, grasp the overall situation, pay attention to plan and implement the specific tasks assigned by the leadership from the overall situation, think ahead on major issues concerning the overall situation, in-depth Study, grasp the dynamic, put forward suggestions, reflect in time.(two) adhere to the investigation. As an important way to firmly grasp the important link of scientific and democratic decision-making, focus on key leadership concern, concern and hot points of youth practice work, adhere to the practice to investigate and research, fully and accurately grasp the actual situation, for the leadership decision-making comes from practice, practical to provide first-hand information. To enhance the initiative, according to municipal Party committee leadership activities, week activities, in the "research" make great efforts to provide more targeted for leadership, predictability and effectiveness of comments and suggestions.(three) adhere to the information planning as an important means of expanding. The sources of information, through the network, the media and other channels, increase integration efforts the work of the Communist Youth League and youth information dynamic information resources, increase the information planning efforts to refine the Communist Youth League, and give full play to the role of information reference, to improve the quality of information as a fundamental, outstanding information work sensitivity and timeliness, timely, accurately, comprehensively reflect the municipal Party committee, municipal government, the Central Committee of the implementation of a major deployment, leadership attention, hot and difficult issues of concern to the masses and some important emergencies, timely provide all kinds of deep and valuable component of the following information. Continue to deepen the information research and information feedback system, information report system, information reporting system, information delivery system and information notification system, and constantly improve the information work of the assessment, incentive mechanism, improve the long-term mechanism to improve the information work of sustainable development.Two, pay close attention to contact and communication, efforts to improve the ability of comprehensive coordinationGive full play to a contact, pivotal role, coordination of the parties in accordance with the standard, efficient, high quality principles, firmly establish the principle of service, and effectively improve the level of policy theory, grasp the method of coordinating work, conscientiously do service leadership, service and Service Corps cadres.(a) do to actively carry out coordination. Upstream municipal Party committee, municipal government work report, and the central mission to understand, grasp the key ideas and working organs, targeted focus on reporting the work of mission, to focus on the city's superior league, major activities, attention, support and help.(two) do parallel coordination. To strengthen the contact and communication with the municipal departments, actively seek for the work of care, support, optimize the external environment. To strengthen the group work of the Communist Youth League and other provinces and cities, to grasp the work around the dynamic, active learning around the work experience, the effective integration of resources within the group, and the Communist Youth League career development.(three) earnestly grassroots coordination. Further increase communication efforts, strengthen the organizations at various levels to guide the work of the office and communication, to ensure the situation, reported lower levels of strength, and strive to the grassroots, inspired by the basic spirit of innovation, the formation of good ability of the league office work.Three, pay close attention to the quality of official documents, efforts to improve the ability to deal with textAdhere to high standards, strict requirements, careful attention to the drafting of the draft work, strict document drafting, audit clearance, proof reading and quality control, and strive to improve the ability to deal with the text, and the overall work of the service center.(a) earnestly. To further establish the draft document presentation system research, adhere to the practice, especially the drafting of important days and months multiplying, concentrating on the presentation of the research, understand the situation the situation, fully understand the intention of the leadership, to ensure the output, quality, and constantly improve the quality of manuscript. A manuscript quality appraisal system, the implementation of quantitative assessment, each quarter the comparison of office draft manuscript quality. Establish a reward system to reward the outstanding manuscript selection out, the wrong investigated persons responsible for the major errors.(two) strict master document quality. Strengthening document quality awareness, efforts in the drafting of documents, audit checks, printed all aspects of efforts, strict policy documents audit, content, format and procedures, adhere to the upper and lower check, and check before and after the check, ensure the document style format in the understanding of leadership intentions in place, ideas in the language in place, and strive to improve the quality of various documents.(three) a comprehensive specification document operation. To further standardize the document transfer procedures, emphasizing the precision in document processing, in strict accordance with the operating procedures document sign, registration, approval, distribution, handling, repaying, filing, ensure the document processing standard, accurate, and efficient. Especially to strict dispatch, strict audit document content. Strictly implement the document procedures step by step Shenqian, strict and unified file format, to ensure the normative document. Further the implementation of electronic document processing mode, the full implementation of OA office system, efforts to improve the work efficiency.Four, pay close attention to the work of supervision, efforts to improve the executive abilityThe city's major issues and focus on the overall work of the Communist Youth League to carry out supervision and inspection, insist on the idea, the handling of the key, efforts to promote the implementation of decisions, to ensure that government decrees.(a) on the center of focus on supervision. In accordance with the "grasp the overall situation, focused, practical, quantitative refinement" principle, conscientiously fulfill the supervision function, focusing on the important deployment, major decisions of the party will, secretary's office, department heads meeting agreed matters assigned by the leadership group, the book down and do the important matters and the regiment the key work to focus on supervision, to ensure that the inspection item piece is an echo, everything in the bag, to promote the work carried out smoothly.(two) grasp the key special supervision. According to different periods of work needs, focus on leadership, social concern, hot and difficult problem of youth reflects the implementation of regular and dynamic supervision of special work assigned by the leadership of the special work of tracking supervision, regularly held the Department responsible for the regular inspection work carried out inspection stage. Check or the implementation of the work, to the work of the special supervision and implementation.(three) innovative ways to promote the supervision. To further improve the effectiveness of supervision and inspection work, really play a role in promoting the implementation work. To further improve and perfect the supervision report system, inspection notification system, regularly carry out random checks of the supervision matters, to highlight the effectiveness of the inspection work, to effectively promote the work carried out.Five, pay close attention to daily management, efforts to improve logistical support capacityAccording to "do great things, do small things, start from the details; General requirements from the overall situation", pay close attention to daily management, enhance the foresight and initiative work, do the work of early preparation, program cost fine plan, artful arrangement, high quality services.(a) further strengthen the authority of hardware construction. Combined with the "three hit" work, to further promote the party organ culture construction, and actively carry out party building advanced units, units of civilization, to create the homes of the workers, further standardize internal office conditions, perfect decoration authorities canteen, strengthening the Office building management, further improve the authority office environment.(two) to further strengthen the organization system construction. The implementation of the municipal Party committee of various rules and regulations, in accordance with the norms of management, efficient principle, perfect all kinds of meetings, document processing, logistics system, perfect a set of scientific and reasonable comprehensive coverage, the rules of the system. To strengthen the day-to-day management work, continuously enhance the rigor and the scientific management, according to the requirements of task decomposition, refinement of quantitative indicators, realize the work determination, work process standardization, work system, to promote the daily work efficient and orderly operation.(three) to further strengthen the fine financial management a