中考英语阅读理解填词解题技巧

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　中考英语阅读理解填词解题技巧(潘永红)

　中考英语阅读理解填词解题技巧潘永红

　1通过因果关系猜词通过因果关系猜词首先是找出生词与上下文之间

　的逻辑关系然后才能猜词有时文章借助关联词如becauseassinceforsothusasa

　resultofcoursetherefore等等表示前因后果例如Youshouldnthaveblamedhim

　forthatforitwasnthisfault通过for引出的句子所表示的原因那不是他的错可

　猜出blame的词义是"责备"

　2通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词通过同义词猜词一是要看由and或or

　连接的同义词词组如happyandgay即使我们不认识gay这个词也可以知道它是

　愉快的意思二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词如Manhasknown

　somethingabouttheplanetsVenusMarsandJupiterwiththehelpofspaceships

　此句中的Venus金星Mars火星Jupiter木星均为生词但只要知道planets就

　可猜出这几个词都属于"行星"这一义域通过反义词猜词一是看表转折关系的连

　词或副词如butwhilehowever等二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语如

　Heissohomelynotatallashandsomeashisbrother根据notatallhandsome我

　们不难推测出homely的意思即不英俊不漂亮的意思

　3通过构词法猜词在阅读文章时我们总会遇上一些新词汇有时很难根据

　上下文来推断其词意而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用此时如掌握了

　一些常用的词根前缀后缀等语法知识这些问题便不难解决了

　4通过定义或释义关系来推测词义例如Butsometimesnorainfallsfora

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　longlongtimeThenthereisadryperiodordrought从drought所在句子的上

　文我们得知很久不下雨于是便有一段干旱的时期即drought由此可见drought

　意思为"久旱""旱灾"而adryperiod和drought是同义语这种同义或释义关系常

　由isorthatisinotherwordsbecalled或破折号等来表示

　5通过句法功能来推测词义例如Bananasorangespineapplescoconutsand

　someotherkindoffruitgrowinwarmareas假如pineapples和coconuts是生词

　我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思从句中不难看出

　pineapplescoconuts和bananasoranges是同类关系同属fruit类因此它们是两样

　水果准确地说是菠萝和椰子

　6通过描述猜词描述即作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而

　对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写例如Thepenguinisakindof

　seabirdlivingintheSouthPoleItisfatandwalksinafunnywayAlthoughit

　cannotflyitcanswimintheicywatertocatchthefish从例句的描述中可以得知

　penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性

　短文改写填空型阅读理解题的解答技巧是首先通读全文对文章的大意有个

　初步的了解同时找出文章中的关键句在有限的时间内迅速抓住文章的要点然后

　纵览缩写后的短文在了解其大意的同时确定所要填写的内容即词语或短语是否

　与已知文段中的相一致填写时一定要仔细比如有的属于固定搭配有的句子是文

　中原句的同义句这些只要稍加注意就可避免出错同时还要注意动词时态人称名

　词单复数是否有误首字母是否大写句子的主谓搭配是不是合理等最后将改写后

　的文章再通读一遍看看改写后的短文是否流畅语句是否通顺同时还要照顾到原

　文看改写后的短文是否与原文意思相符合

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　MygrandfatherwasateacherHewastheheadmasterofaschoolfor

　boysbetweentheagesofthirteenandeighteenIknowthathewasakindman

　becausewhenIwasyoungandhewasoldhegavemepresentsandsatme

　onhiskneesandtoldmestoriesButIbelievetheboysathisschoolwereafraid

　ofhimAtschoolwhenhewalkedintoaroomfullofnoisyboystheystopped

　talkingatonceWhenhelookedataboywithacertain某种lookinhiseyes

　thatboywasredinthefaceandlookeddownathisshoesIfaboybroughthim

　poorcarelessworkmygrandfatherpickeduptheboysbookandthrewitacross

　theroomshoutingDoitallagainandbringitbackfirstthinginthemorningIf

　theboywaslateorifheforgottobringhisworkhehadtodoitagainandagain

　andyetagainMygrandfatherneverforgotAtschoolhewasverydifferentfrom

　themanIsawdaybydayinhisownhome

　根据短文内容改写每个空格只限填写一个单词

　WhenIwasyoungIstudiedata1schoolWewereall2thirteen

　andeighteenOurheadmasterwas3oldmanHewaskindbutallof4

　wereafraidofhimForexamplewewereplayingtalkingandlaughing5he

　cameinatoncetheclassroombecamequietIfaboydidnt6hishomework

　wellorcarefullyhewouldbevery7andaskedtheboytodoitagainand

　8Buthis9toldheneverdidthings10thatathome

　1boys答案就在短文的第一句话之中但要注意词形的转换这里要用名词所

　有格形式

　2between文章第一句中的ofaschoolforboysbetweentheagesofthirteenand

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　eighteen是答案的依据

　3an这个小题比较简单用不着联系短文内容仅凭语法知识就能解答old以元音音

　素开头所以填写不定冠词an

　4us由ButIbelievetheboysathisschoolwereafraidofhim可知孩子们都害怕

　他短文是以第一人称的口吻写的而改写的短文则是以学生们的身份写的弄清了

　这一点此空即能做出

　5when短文第二自然段开头的那句话同样是一个以when引导的时间状语从句

　6do／finish由Ifaboybroughthimpoorcarelesswork这句话不难联想到是学

　生没有认真做完成作业

　7angry由Ifaboybroughthimpoorcarelessworkmygrandfatherwould

　pickuptheboysbookandthrowitacrosstheroomshouting这句话可知如果某

　个男孩没有很好地完成作业祖父就会把那位学生的书本扔到外面并大声训斥他

　重做显然祖父是因为生气了才这么做的8again由Iftheboywaslateorifheforgottobringtheworkhewouldhaveto

　doitagainandagainandyetagain这句话可以确定此空要填写again一词

　9grandson原文是从theheadmaster的孙子的角度写爷爷在学校与在家里的不

　同表现的联系第一自然段和AtschoolhewasverydifferentfromthemanIsaw

　daybydayinhisownhome这句话可知填写grandson是最恰当的10like通常全文可知作者想表达的意思是祖父在学校里的表现与在家中的表现

　截然不同换言之则是祖父在学校的表现从来都不象在家中的样子由此可以得出

　这里要填介词like像一样

　Inthefuturemachineswillbeimprovedanddomoreandmoreworkfor

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　manFewpeoplehavetoworkforlonghoursManwillhavemoretimeforleisure

　HowwillheusethisleisureintheworldoftomorrowCertainlyhewillstillneed

　holidays

　InthefuturethecomputerwillhelppeopletofindtherightplaceThe

　computerwillaskthemquestionswhichtheywillanswerbypressingabuttonIt

　抣lalsoshowthempicturesandtheywillsaywhichonestheylikethenthe

　computerwilltellthemwgheretofindtheplacetheywantforholidayTVwillbe

　usedmoreineducationItwillalsohelppeopletousetheirleisuretimewell

　Therewillbemoreprogrammesonhowtomakeandhowtodothings

　InthefuturepeoplewillcertainlyhavetodolessworkMachineswilltake

　moreandmoreworkfrommanThismeansthattherestofthetimewillbe

　mostlyleisuretime

　Somescientistssaythatmanofthefuturewillbeabletogetenough

　pleasureandenjoymentonhisownwithoutgoinganywhereAccordingtoother

　scientistsamanwillputonasmallcapThecapwillmakehimseefeelandhear

　allkindsofenjoyablethings

　根据短文内容完成下列各题

　1Inthefuture_____willdomoreandmoreworkformansomanwilldo

　_____work

　2Peoplewillspendmoretime__________inthefuture

　3__________canhelpustofindtheplacewherewewanttospendour

　holiday

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　4TVwillbemoreusefulin_____andhelppeopleusetheir_____timewell

　5Peoplewillliveanenjoyablelife_____going_____

　1machinesless由第一段可知在将来机器会代替人类做更多的工作所以

　人类的工作会更少

　2forleisureenjoyingthemselves由第一段Manwillhavemoretimefor

　leisure一句可知人们将会有更多的时间休息

　3Thecomputer由第三段可知电脑将会帮助人类找到他们想要度假的地

　方

　4educationleisure由文中TVwillbeusedmoreineducationItwillalso

　helppeopletousetheirleisuretimewell两句中得到答案

　5withoutanywhere在文章最后一段Somescientistssaythatmanofthe

　futurewillbeabletogetenoughpleasureandenjoymentonhisownwithout

　goinganywhere中可得知答案

　Incourt法庭thejudgeaskstheboynamedHenrysomequestions

　JudgeCanyoutellushowtheaccidenthappened

　HenryYessirThefarmerdroveveryfastwhenImetwithhimHiscar

　knockedmedownandhurtmyarm

　JudgeTothefarmerWasthatright

　FarmerNosirButitrainedheavilyandIcouldntdrivefast

　JudgeSoyoudontthinkyouknockedhimdown

　FarmerYesIdidButIdidntseehimmendinghisbikeinthemiddleof

　theroad

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　JudgeWellDidyousendhimtoahospital

　FarmerYesButthedoctorsaidtherewasnothingserioustohim

　JudgeToHenryDoyouagreewithhim

　HenryYessirButmyleftarmoftenhurtsandIcantliftitatall

　JudgeCouldyoushowushowyoucanliftitnow

　HenrySureSlowlytheboyliftshisarmbelowhisnose

　JudgePoorboyAndhowhighcouldyouliftitbeforetheaccident

　HenryOhIcouldliftitveryhighlikethisHoldinghisleftarmupover

　hishead

　JudgeButIdontthinktheressomethingwrongwithyourarm

　HenryIISoitisButmylawyer律师tellsmetodoso

　根据上面的对话在短文的空白处填写一个适当的词使短文内容与对话

　意思相符

　Ithappenedona1_________dayAboynamedHenrywas2_________his

　bikeontheroadwhileafarmers3______knockedhimdownThefarmersent

　himtoahospitalandthedoctorsaidnothing4________happenedtotheboy

　Buthisparentshopedtheboycouldbepaidmore5_________foritTheyasked

　foralawyers6_______Thelawyertaughttheboy7______tosayincourt

　Henrytoldthejudgehisarmhurtandthathecouldnt8________itupThejudge

　askedhimtoshowittohimHecouldliftitbelowhisnoseThejudgeaskedhim

　how9_______hecouldliftitbeforetheaccidentTheboy10___________what

　thelawyersaidandlifteditoverhishead

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　Deareditor

　Iamnotagood-lookingboyandIamnotgoodatstudyingeitherSome

　peopledontevenwanttotalktomeSoIusuallyfeellonelySometimesIthink

　thatifIwanttoleavehomenobodywillcareHowcanIstopfeelinglikethis

　Peter

　DearPeter

　ButfirstIamsurethatyouarewrongthatnobodywillcareifyouleaveyour

　homeWhataboutyourparentsAndotherfamilymembersItseemsthatyouare

　verysadYoudbettergotoseeadoctorortalktoyourparentsTheycanhelpyou

　SecondImsuretheressomeoneinyourclasswhofeelslonelytooYounever

　knowhowotherpeoplefeelinsideTrytomakefriendswiththemOryoujoina

　clubtomeetnewpeopleandtokeepyourselfbusyYouneedtofindhappiness

　inyourselfWritealistofallthegoodthingsaboutyourselfLearntolikeyourself

　andthenotherswillseeyourconfidence信心andlikeyoutoo

　Editor

　1Peterisntgoodatandhefeels__________

　2Hewritestotheeditortoaskfor_______becausehewantsto_______feeling

　lonely

　3IfPeterjoinsaclubhecannewpeopleandkeepbusy

　4Theeditorsuggests建议thatTomshouldtalktoaandhis

　5Peterislackof缺少andheneedstofind________inhimself

　1studyinglonely2helpstop3meethimself4doctorparents5confidence

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　happiness

　OnceEiteigavealectureinmanyplaceinAmerica．Hisdriveralway

　listenedtohimandknewthelecturesowellthathewassurehecouldgiveit

　himself．SoEiteiagreedthatthedrivergavethelecturehim．NobodyknewEi

　teitherethedrivergavethelectureforEiteithatevening．Atfirsthewasabit

　afraidbutEiteinssmilemadehimfeelbetter．Hegaveagoodlectureandthe

　peoplewerequitepleased．ThethedriverstartedtoleaveandEiteifollowedhim

　withoutaword．Whentheygottothedooramanaskedthedriveradifficult

　question．Thedriversaidthatthequestionwasveryeasyandtoldthemantoask

　hisdriverbehindtoanswerit．

　根据短文内容填空每空限填一词

　Eiteigavethe1______lectureagainandagain．Hisdriver2______to

　hislecturetoomanytimes3______hewantedtogiveit4_____．_WhenEi

　teiknewitheletthedriver5______thelectureforhimthatnight．Thedriver

　gavea6______lectureandthegreatscientistwasquitepleased．Whenthey

　were7______thelectureroomamanaskedthedriveraquestion．Toshow

　8______easythequestionwasthedriveraskedEiteiwhofollowedhim9

　______toanswerit10______ofhim．

　KEY1．same2．listened3．that4．himself5．give6．good7．leaving8．how

　9．quietlybehind10．instead

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