句式变换大全及答案 [巧用句式变换,应对基础写作的信息整合]
时间：2019-04-16 03:17:24 来源：柠檬阅读网 本文已影响 人 
广东省英语高考题中的基础写作主要考查考生在语言结构方面的应用能力：能够应用正确、规范的语言表达特定的内容。由于广东高考的基础写作部分要求考生只能用5个句子表达写作材料中的所有信息，因此，考生一定要会灵活地运用并列句、复合句、非谓语动词等扩展和合并句子，才能把所有的信息表达出来。但要注意的是，写作时一定要根据文章的题材、体裁和写作对象选择句型，在100个词左右的短文里，机械地混用一些句式和词汇，并不能给文章增光添彩。
下面介绍几种常见的信息整合的方法。
1.简单句
只含有主谓结构的简单句一般较短，要表达复杂的意思时，就要对简单句进行扩充，比如添加形容词、副词、非谓语动词和介词短语等。下面是简单句的五种基本句型的前后变化对比。
（1）SV: The children played.
→]All of the lovely children of Mr. Smith from England played happily in the garden.
（2）SVP: The hall is beautiful.
→The hall is beautiful with all the doors made of glass.
（3）SVO: She left the office.
→She always left the office very quietly.
（4）SVOO: The company gave Tom a watch.
→The old company gave Tom a beautiful gold watch on his retirement.
（5）SVOC: I saw him working.
→I often saw him working in the field with the peasants.
另外，分词结构作状语在英语句子中出现的频率极高。一方面，使句式多样化，另一方面，使句子变得更加简练。如：
（6）Zhongshan University was located in Guangzhou，Guangdong Province.
Zhongshan University was set up by Sun Zhongshan in 1924.
→Located in Guangzhou，Guangdong Province，Zhongshan University was set up by Sun Zhongshan in 1924.
（7）He died early，and he left his wife nothing but grief and debt.
→He died early，leaving his wife nothing but grief and debt.
还可以用形容词或形容词短语作状语，当其放在句首时，常作原因状语。
（8）Shocked by the bad news，the local government needed to consider carrying out more effective measures.（As the local government were shocked by the bad news，they needed to consider carrying out more effective measures.）
或用形容词或形容词短语作状语，当其放在句末时，常表示主语所处的状态。
（9）I went home with my bag filled with fruit，proud and satisfied.
2.并列句
如果两个或两个以上的简单句之间有并列或递进关系（“此外”，“而且”），转折关系（“但是”，“然而”），因果关系（“因此”，“所以”），选择关系（“或者”，“否则”，“不然的话”）等，可以用并列连词（或连接副词）连接成并列句。其基本句型是“简单句+并列连词（或连接副词）+简单句”。因此，要写好并列句，首先就必须了解每个并列连词的意义和功能。如：
In the past，people cheated by writing answers on their hands or small pieces of papers，or by looking at someone else’s paper. （选择关系）
过去，人们作弊的手段包括：将答案写在手上或小纸条上，或者是看别人的试卷。
In fact，their lives are often not their own，and they are placed under considerable pressure from the public.（并列关系）
事实上，他们没有自己的生活，公众给了他们巨大的压力。
Most college students choose to live in the university dormitories in China，while Chinese students in London choose to board with English families.
在中国，大多数大学生住在大学宿舍里，但是在英国留学的中国学生一般寄宿在英国人的家里。（转折关系）
3.复合句
复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体，从句是句子的附属部分，如主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、状语从句、同位语从句等。从句不能独立存在，其与主句是从属关系。通常用一定的连词把主句和从句连接起来。从句可以分为名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句。不同从句在体现信息点上有不同的特点和侧重点。
（1）巧用定语从句
秘诀：主要信息放在主句；次要信息放在从句（如非限制性定语从句）。如：
①Our teacher has helped us a lot （结论性的重要信息），including advice，encouragement and revision of writing，which leads us down onto a path to success.
②Guangzhou has seen great changes in city construction in the past 5 years，such as the building of the subway and the development of public transportation，which ranks the city as one of the top cities in China.
③The students had to walk for two hours to school，where students had to study in bambool made classrooms without water，electricity and textbooks.
（2）巧用同位语
秘诀：小概念+大概念+其他修饰成分
I am eager to go to Beijing，a city with a long history of 3， 000
小概念 大概念其他修饰成分
years.
（3）巧用定语从句与同位语的转化
秘诀：把名词后面的用来补充说明信息的非限制性定语从句转换成名词短语。如：
Finally，Li Bai，who was a great poet，arrived in Xi’an，which was then the capital of the Tang Dynasty and also an international city. （画线部分为定语从句）
→Finally，Li Bai，a great poet，arrived in Xi’an，then the capital of the Tang Dynasty and also an international city.
（4）巧用定语从句与with短语的转化
秘诀：把名词后起修饰或限制作用的限制性定语从句或非限制性定语从句转换成with+名词（或with+名词+补足成分），充当定语或状语。
Mr. Chen was the only person who was invited to attend the party.
→Mr. Chen was the only person with an invitation to the party. （with 短语作定语）
We finally arrived at the village which was connected with the outside world by a narrow hilly road.
→We finally arrived at the village with a narrow hilly road connecting the outside world.（with短语作状语）
（5）巧用省略句可使句子简练
值得注意的是，省略的方法很多，但在基础写作中最常使用的是if，when，while，before，after等引导的状语从句的省略，如：
When I was walking in the street，I came across John，a friend of mine at middle school.
→When walking in the street，I came across John，a friend of mine at middle school.
使用省略时，一定牢记不能使省略后的结构产生歧义或改变原句意思。
（6）巧用介词组合信息
使用介词组合信息在记叙文中比较常用，具有文字简练、信息量大的特点，适合表达连贯或连续的一系列动作和过程，更加符合英语的“静态语言”的特点。如：
As soon as the bell rang，the students ran out the classrooms，and ran down to the playground to do morning exercise.
→The bell sent the students out of the classroom down onto the playground for morning exercise.
又如：猴子用尾巴钩住树枝，吊在半空中摇晃着。
The monkey was hanging himself by its tail from a tree.
总而言之，考生要利用不同的灵活多变的句型组合信息，使之能准确表达意思，传递思想。因此，考生要注重平时的训练和积累，多阅读，多提炼归纳，做有心人。
