(打印)高中历史必一第13课辛亥革命教案

　 第13课 辛亥革命

　教学目标:

　通过本课的学习，使学生了解和掌握有关孙中山创建兴中会和中国同盟会，三民主义，武昌起义等历史基础知识；通过看图，培养学生的观察和想象能力；通过探究活动，培养学生独立思考和学会搜集资料并能从有关资料中提取信息的能力。

　通过本课的学习，使学生认识到辛亥革命是中国近代史上一次伟大的反帝反封建的资产阶级民主革命。从而激发学生的爱国主义情感和不断进取的意识。

　教学重点：辛亥革命爆发的原因；《中华民国临时约法》；评价辛亥革命。

　教学难点：袁世凯篡夺辛亥革命的胜利果实；辛亥革命的局限性。

　教学过程：

　导入新课：党的十五大报告指出：20世纪以来，中国人民在前进道路上经历了三次历史性的巨大变化，产生了三位站在时代前列的伟大人物：孙中山、毛泽东、邓小平。第一次是孙中山领导的辛亥革命， 第二次是毛泽东领导中国人民建立中华人民共和国和社会主义制度。

　第三次是邓小平领导下的改革开放。今天，就让我们一起走进第一位伟大人物和第一次历史性巨变——孙中山和辛亥革命。

　知识链接：辛亥革命的概念：

　广义的辛亥革命是指以孙中山为代表的资产阶级革命派为推翻清王朝帝制，建立资产阶级民主共和国的全过程因武昌起义发生于旧历辛亥年，人们把武昌起义称为狭义的辛亥革命。“洋人的朝廷”，推翻清朝的封建统治成为大势所趋。

　 2、经济和阶级基础：清政府推行“新政”和“预备立宪”，客观上促进中国民族资本主义经济发展，民族资产阶级力量不断壮大；

　 3、思想基础：资产阶级民主革命思想的传播。

　 课本62页

　内容：资产阶级革命时期的天赋人权、自由平等等学说；

　主阵地：上海和日本东京；

　著名的革命宣传家：邹容、陈天华和章炳麟。

　章炳麟指出：革命是除旧布新的良药，实现民主共和是不可抗拒的历史潮流。

　邹容则在《革命军》中写道：“革命者，天演之公例也”，“竖独立之旗，撞自由之钟……我中国今日不可不革命”。他号召推翻清朝统治，建立独立、民主、 自由的“中华共和国”。

　4、组织基础：资产阶级革命团体和政党的建立兴中会、同盟会等兴中会——中国第一个资产阶级革命团体

　时间：1894年创立人：孙中山

　地点：美国檀香山

　性质：中国第一个资产阶级民主革命团体

　入会誓词是：“驱除鞑虏，恢复中国，建立合众政府。”

　目标：推翻清朝统治，建立资产阶级共和国。

　——中国第一个资产阶级革命

　A、时间?

　B、地点C、成员组成:兴中会、华兴会、光复会成员

　D、政治纲领: “驱除鞑虏，恢复中华，创立民国，平均地权”

　E、主要领导人: 孙中山、黄兴

　F、机关刊物:《民报》

　G、性质:

　H、意义:

　名称 政纲 基本内容 进步性 局限性 民族主义 驱除鞑虏恢复中华 反对满洲贵族的统治，即用革命手段推翻清朝统治；

　主张独立，建立“民族的国家” 民族主义是三民主义的前提。“反满”就是反对满清民族压迫，具有反封建意义。推翻帝国主义侵华工具清政府，客观上体现反帝和实现民族独立的要求 没有明确提出反对帝国主义 民权主义 创立民国 推翻君主专制政体。建立国民的政府，即资产阶级共和国。国民一律平等 民权主义是三民主义的核心。从理论上解决了夺取政权和建立政权问题。对促使民主共和观念深入人心，起了推动作用 其矛头所向，主要是皇帝和贵族，并没有把地主阶级作为整个封建统治阶级来反对 民生主义 平均地权 核定全国地价，现有地价归原主所有，革命后因社会进步所增涨的地价归国家所有，由国民共享，做到“家给人足” 民生主义是三民主义的补充和发展，是孙中山经济思想的核心和社会革命的主张。反映出孙中山注意解决农民土地问题。“平均地权”是资本主义的土地纲领。为资本主义发展创造了条件 土地纲领不彻底，没有从根本上废除封建土地所有制。同时，没有满足农民土地要求，无法广泛动员群众 同盟会领导和影响下的几次武装起义名称 时间 领导人 地点 影响 萍浏醴起义 1906年12月 刘道一 湘赣边界的萍乡、浏阳、醴陵 同盟会成立以后第一次大规模的武装起义 浙皖起义 1907年 秋瑾、徐锡麟 安徽安庆、浙江绍兴 　 镇南关起义 1907年 孙中山 广西镇南关 　 黄花岗起义 1911年4月 孙中山、黄兴、赵声 广东广州 规模最大、影响最大、准备最充分的一次起义

　 2、结果：革命军攻克武昌，湖北军政府成立，国号“ 中华民国”。

　 3、影响：全国十几个省区相继宣布独立；清王朝统治土崩瓦解。

　 ㈠成立概况：

　1、时间:1912年1月1日；

　2、临时大总统：孙中山

　3、都城：南京

　4、国旗：五色旗（旗面为按顺序是红、黄、蓝、白、黑五色横长方条，表示汉满蒙回藏五族共和

　4、意义：具有反对封建专制制度的进步意义。

　四、革命结束：袁世凯窃取革命果实 课本64页

　 1、条件：帝国主义各国采取军事威胁、外交孤立和经济封锁等手段，对革命政权施加压力，助袁篡权。.革命政权中的立宪派和旧官僚，乘机向革命派进攻。资产阶级革命党人的妥协退让。如孙中山表示只要清帝退位，袁宣布赞成共和，可以保举他为临时大总统。袁世凯自身条件：拥有当时中国实力最大的北洋新军，善于玩弄政治手腕?

　那么，袁世凯是如何一步步篡夺革命果实的呢？

　 2、步骤： 第一步：袁世凯逼清帝退位。1912年2月12日，宣统帝溥仪宣布退位，清朝覆灭；

　 第二步：袁通电赞成共和，孙中山辞去临时大总统职务；

　 第三步：1912年3月，袁世凯在北京就任中华民国临时大总统。标志：辛亥革命到此结束。

　五、历史功绩：中国民主进程的丰碑 课本65页

　㈠性质：中国近代史上一次伟大的资产阶级民主革命。

　㈡功绩：1、推翻了清王朝，结束了中国两千多年的君主专制制度“洋人的朝廷”，客观上沉重地打击了帝国主义的侵略势力；

　 3、为中国民族资本主义的发展创造了条件。

　4、对近代亚洲各国的民族解放运动产生了比较广泛的影响。

　(三)局限性：

　由于资产阶级的软弱性和妥协性，辛亥革命没有完成反帝反封建的任务，中国半殖民地半封建社会的性质没有得到根本改变。

　板书设计：

　一、辛亥革命的酝酿与准备：（爆发原因）

　1、政治条件：推翻清朝的封建统治成为大势所趋

　2、经济和阶级基础：民族资本主义经济发展，民族资产阶级力量不断壮大；

　3、思想基础：资产阶级民主革命思想的传播。

　4、组织基础：资产阶级革命团体和政党的建立兴中会——中国第一个资产阶级革命团体——中国第一个资产阶级革命

　5、军事基础：革命党人发动了一系列武装起义。

　6、有利时机：四川的保路运动。

　二、革命的爆发：武昌起义

　1、时间：1911年10月10日

　 2、结果：革命军攻克武昌，湖北军政府成立，国号“ 中华民国”。

　 3、影响：全国十几个省区相继宣布独立；清王朝统治土崩瓦解。

　2、目的：限制袁世凯独裁，维护共和制度。

　3、性质：是中国近代史上第一部资产阶级性质的民主宪法。

　4、意义：具有反对封建专制制度的进步意义。

　四、革命结束：袁世凯窃取革命果实

　 1、条件

　五、历史功绩：中国民主进程的丰碑

　㈠性质：中国近代史上一次伟大的资产阶级民主革命。

　㈡功绩：1、2、3、4

　(三)局限性：

　关于辛亥革命胜利还是失败：

　对辛亥革命的结局，传统观点一般认为，这场革命既胜利，又最终失败。言其胜利，主要是鉴于它推翻了清王朝，结束了在中国历史上延续了两千多年的封建帝制，建立了中华民国。言其失败，主要是因为革命胜利果实未能保持和巩固，南京临时政府很快完结，政权最终落于袁世凯等军阀之手，反帝反封建的革命任务并没有完成，中国依然是半殖民地半封建社会。近年来有的学者对这种观点提出异议，认为既胜利又失败的表述似有自相矛盾之嫌，衡量辛亥革命的成败得失，应当主要从革命者所应担负和所能担负的两项基本任务，既推翻清王朝的民族革命和建立民权政治的政治革命所完成的情况去考察：就推翻清王朝而言，辛亥革命无疑是胜利了；就建立民主立宪政体来说，尽管不能说辛亥革命取得彻底胜利，但也不能说它的结局就意味着失败。有的论者更明确提出，辛亥革命作为近代中国一次有广泛群众参加的资产阶级革命运动，已经成功地完成了它应该完成的历史使命，取得了巨大的胜利，它有终结，但不是失败。

　辛亥革命的失败是历史的必然，无论从哪个方面讲，中国的民族资产阶级都不具备彻底铲除腐败社会机制，建立更新机制的能力。从主观角度看，中国民族资本自身发育严重不良。从客观角度看，阻碍中国进步的反动力量远远大于资产阶级，辛亥革命的失败就是不可避免的了。尽管如此，辛亥革命仍可称是近代历史上一次伟大的资产阶级民主革命，因为它对封建体制的冲击、对社会生产力的推动、对进步意识的弘扬、对风俗习惯的革故鼎新与激浊扬清都是空前的，尽管它没有完成反帝反封最根本的任务，但是它留下的经验和教训成了一笔宝贵的财富，为薪火相传的后来者提供了极好的借鉴。毛泽东同志正是从前辈的革命历程中悟出了革命纲领、革命政党、农民问题、武装斗争、革命中心等关键性问题的解决方法，才积小胜为大胜，最终取得了新民主主义革命的伟大胜利，由此可见，简单地讲辛亥革命成功还是失败都不是正确的世界观和方法论，应该进一步拓宽历史的视界，而不是简单下结论。

　We will continue to improve the company's internal control system, and steady improvement in ability to manage and control, optimize business processes, to ensure smooth processes, responsibilities in place; to further strengthen internal controls, play a control post independent oversight role of evaluation complying with third-party responsibility; to actively make use of internal audit tools detect potential management, streamline, standardize related transactions, strengthening operations in accordance with law. Deepening the information management to ensure full communication "zero resistance".

　To constantly perfect ERP, and BFS++, and PI, and MIS, and SCM, information system based construction, full integration information system, achieved information resources shared; to expand Portal system application of breadth and depth, play information system on enterprise of Assistant role; to perfect daily run maintenance operation of records, promote problem reasons analysis and system handover; to strengthening BFS++, and ERP, and SCM, technology application of training, improve employees application information system of capacity and level. Humanistic care to ensure "zero."

　To strengthening Humanities care, continues to foster company wind clear, and gas are, and heart Shun of culture atmosphere; strengthening love helped trapped, care difficult employees; carried out style activities, rich employees life; strengthening health and labour protection, organization career health medical, control career against; continues to implementation psychological warning prevention system, training employees health of character, and stable of mood and enterprising of attitude, created friendly fraternity of Humanities environment. To strengthen risk management, ensure that the business of "zero risk". To strengthened business plans management, will business business plans cover to all level, ensure the business can control in control; to close concern financial, and coal electric linkage, and energy-saving scheduling, national policy trends, strengthening track, active should; to implementation State-owned assets method, further specification business financial management; to perfect risk tube control system, achieved risk recognition, and measure, and assessment, and report, and control feedback of closed ring management, improve risk prevention capacity.

　To further standardize trading, and strive to achieve "according to law, standardize and fair." Innovation of performance management, to ensure that potential employees "zero fly". To strengthen performance management, process control, enhance employee evaluation and levels of effective communication to improve performance management. To further quantify and refine employee standards ... Work, full play party, and branch, and members in "five type Enterprise" construction in the of core role, and fighting fortress role and pioneer model role; to continues to strengthening "four good" leadership construction

　We will continue to improve the company's internal control system, and steady improvement in ability to manage and control, optimize business processes, to ensure smooth processes, responsibilities in place; to further strengthen internal controls, play a control post independent oversight role of evaluation complying with third-party responsibility; to actively make use of internal audit tools detect potential management, streamline, standardize related transactions, strengthening operations in accordance with law. Deepening the information management to ensure full communication "zero resistance".

　To constantly perfect ERP, and BFS++, and PI, and MIS, and SCM, information system based construction, full integration information system, achieved information resources shared; to expand Portal system application of breadth and depth, play information system on enterprise of Assistant role; to perfect daily run maintenance operation of records, promote problem reasons analysis and system handover; to strengthening BFS++, and ERP, and SCM, technology application of training, improve employees application information system of capacity and level. Humanistic care to ensure "zero."

　To strengthening Humanities care, continues to foster company wind clear, and gas are, and heart Shun of culture atmosphere; strengthening love helped trapped, care difficult employees; carried out style activities, rich employees life; strengthening health and labour protection, organization career health medical, control career against; continues to implementation psychological warning prevention system, training employees health of character, and stable of mood and enterprising of attitude, created friendly fraternity of Humanities environment. To strengthen risk management, ensure that the business of "zero risk". To strengthened business plans management, will business business plans cover to all level, ensure the business can control in control; to close concern financial, and coal electric linkage, and energy-saving scheduling, national policy trends, strengthening track, active should; to implementation State-owned assets method, further specification business financial management; to perfect risk tube control system, achieved risk recognition, and measure, and assessment, and report, and control feedback of closed ring management, improve risk prevention capacity.

　To further standardize trading, and strive to achieve "according to law, standardize and fair." Innovation of performance management, to ensure that potential employees "zero fly". To strengthen performance management, process control, enhance employee evaluation and levels of effective communication to improve performance management. To further quantify and refine employee standards ... Work, full play party, and branch, and members in "five type Enterprise" construction in the of core role, and fighting fortress role and pioneer model role; to continues to strengthening "four good" leadership construction

　play levels cadres in enterprise development in the of backbone backbone role; to full strengthening members youth work, full play youth employees in company development in the of force role; to improve independent Commission against corruption work level, strengthening on enterprise business key link of effectiveness monitored. , And maintain stability. To further strengthen publicity and education, improve the overall legal system. We must strengthen safety management, establish and improve the education, supervision, and evaluation as one of the traffic safety management mechanism.

　To conscientiously sum up the Olympic security controls, promoting integrated management to a higher level, higher standards, a higher level of development. Employees, today is lunar calendar on December 24, the ox Bell is about to ring, at this time of year, we clearly feel the pulse of the XX power generation company to flourish, to more clearly hear XX power generation companies mature and symmetry breathing. Recalling past one another across a railing, we are enthusiastic and full of confidence. Future development opportunities, we more exciting fight more spirited.

　Employees, let us together across 2013 full of challenges and opportunities, to create a green, low-cost operation, full of humane care of a world-class power generation company and work hard! The occasion of the Spring Festival, my sincere wish that you and the families of the staff in the new year, good health, happy, happy!

　play levels cadres in enterprise development in the of backbone backbone role; to full strengthening members youth work, full play youth employees in company development in the of force role; to improve independent Commission against corruption work level, strengthening on enterprise business key link of effectiveness monitored. , And maintain stability. To further strengthen publicity and education, improve the overall legal system. We must strengthen safety management, establish and improve the education, supervision, and evaluation as one of the traffic safety management mechanism.

　To conscientiously sum up the Olympic security controls, promoting integrated management to a higher level, higher standards, a higher level of development. Employees, today is lunar calendar on December 24, the ox Bell is about to ring, at this time of year, we clearly feel the pulse of the XX power generation company to flourish, to more clearly hear XX power generation companies mature and symmetry breathing. Recalling past one another across a railing, we are enthusiastic and full of confidence. Future development opportunities, we more exciting fight more spirited.

　Employees, let us together across 2013 full of challenges and opportunities, to create a green, low-cost operation, full of humane care of a world-class power generation company and work hard! The occasion of the Spring Festival, my sincere wish that you and the families of the staff in the new year, good health, happy, happy!1

　We will continue to improve the company's internal control system, and steady improvement in ability to manage and control, optimize business processes, to ensure smooth processes, responsibilities in place; to further strengthen internal controls, play a control post independent oversight role of evaluation complying with third-party responsibility; to actively make use of internal audit tools detect potential management, streamline, standardize related transactions, strengthening operations in accordance with law. Deepening the information management to ensure full communication "zero resistance".

　To constantly perfect ERP, and BFS++, and PI, and MIS, and SCM, information system based construction, full integration information system, achieved information resources shared; to expand Portal system application of breadth and depth, play information system on enterprise of Assistant role; to perfect daily run maintenance operation of records, promote problem reasons analysis and system handover; to strengthening BFS++, and ERP, and SCM, technology application of training, improve employees application information system of capacity and level. Humanistic care to ensure "zero."

　To strengthening Humanities care, continues to foster company wind clear, and gas are, and heart Shun of culture atmosphere; strengthening love helped trapped, care difficult employees; carried out style activities, rich employees life; strengthening health and labour protection, organization career health medical, control career against; continues to implementation psychological warning prevention system, training employees health of character, and stable of mood and enterprising of attitude, created friendly fraternity of Humanities environment. To strengthen risk management, ensure that the business of "zero risk". To strengthened business plans management, will business business plans cover to all level, ensure the business can control in control; to close concern financial, and coal electric linkage, and energy-saving scheduling, national policy trends, strengthening track, active should; to implementation State-owned assets method, further specification business financial management; to perfect risk tube control system, achieved risk recognition, and measure, and assessment, and report, and control feedback of closed ring management, improve risk prevention capacity.

　To further standardize trading, and strive to achieve "according to law, standardize and fair." Innovation of performance management, to ensure that potential employees "zero fly". To strengthen performance management, process control, enhance employee evaluation and levels of effective communication to improve performance management. To further quantify and refine employee standards ... Work, full play party, and branch, and members in "five type Enterprise" construction in the of core role, and fighting fortress role and pioneer model role; to continues to strengthening "four good" leadership construction

　play levels cadres in enterprise development in the of backbone backbone role; to full strengthening members youth work, full play youth employees in company development in the of force role; to improve independent Commission against corruption work level, strengthening on enterprise business key link of effectiveness monitored. , And maintain stability. To further strengthen publicity and education, improve the overall legal system. We must strengthen safety management, establish and improve the education, supervision, and evaluation as one of the traffic safety management mechanism.

　To conscientiously sum up the Olympic security controls, promoting integrated management to a higher level, higher standards, a higher level of development. Employees, today is lunar calendar on December 24, the ox Bell is about to ring, at this time of year, we clearly feel the pulse of the XX power generation company to flourish, to more clearly hear XX power generation companies mature and symmetry breathing. Recalling past one another across a railing, we are enthusiastic and full of confidence. Future development opportunities, we more exciting fight more spirited.

　Employees, let us together across 2013 full of challenges and opportunities, to create a green, low-cost operation, full of humane care of a world-class power generation company and work hard! The occasion of the Spring Festival, my sincere wish that you and the families of the staff in the new year, good health, happy, happy!