2012中考英语 阅读理解解题技巧及满分训练题第3集（含解析）

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　2012中考英语阅读理解解题技巧及满分训练题精选第3集

　【答案或解析】【共19页】

　中考英语阅读理解训练的六种方法

　 本精品资源训练中考英语阅读理解训练的六种方法中的【训练阅读速度】。选择的题型有：阅读回答问题、阅读单项选择、阅读改写填空、阅读判断正误。都有答案，至少一半的有具体解析。

　**********训练阅读速度**************

　在阅读中，我们或多或少会碰到一些生词和不熟悉的短语，这些生词和短语会妨碍我们对文章中心的理解，但我们总是查阅词典也会影响阅读的速度。为了不查词典又能破解生词词义，并理解好文章的中心，要求考生根据构词法判断词义。如：This material is unreadable.中 unreadable是生词。学生可以根据词根 read ，知道 un和 able分别为前缀和后缀，那么 unreadable的意义就不难猜测了；还可以培养学生根据生词与上下文的关系来猜测其意义。生词所在的句子、段落会提供很多的暗示和线索，依据这些暗示和线索就可以理解生词的词义了。如：同义词反义词线索；解释性线索；例证性线索；标点符号线索等。如：

　A. The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.

　定语从句中的 looks after sheep 就解释了 herdsman的词义为“牧人”。

　B. Like her younger sister who is gregarious, Alice also likes to make friends.句首的 like（像）这个语境线索说明：句中的gregarious与 likes to make friends意义相近。

　通过这些方式可以帮助学生加快阅读速度，进一步提高阅读正确率。

　训练题精选

　 01

　In general，laws for children are a good thing.

　One hundred years ago in industrial countries, children worked 18 hours a day in a factory at age seven. The factory owner could beat a child who fell asleep or was not fast enough. Both parents and teachers could do the same.

　Today, there are many laws about children all over the world. Some people think children must obey rules or they should be punished，others do not agree. The Inuits or Eskimos in Alaska almost never punish their children. The parents don’t hit them. If the children go too far，the parents punish them by making fun of them.

　Children in other parts of the world are not as lucky as Eskimo children. American parents can spank(打……臀部) their children at home，but a teacher cannot hit a child in a public school. This is also true in Germany. In contrast(对比), it is against the law for anyone to hit a child in Sweden. Swedish parents cannot spank their children. The children also have a special government official who works for their rights. There is even a plan for children to divorce from their parents though this is not a law yet！

　根据短文内容回答下列各问题。

　1、. How were children treated in industrial countries 100years ago?

　________________________________________.

　2、. What does the author mean by “go too far?”

　________________________________________.

　3、. Can a teacher in Germany hit his students in public school?

　________________________________________.

　4、. What kind of people can beat children in Sweden?

　 __________________________________________.

　5、. What does it mean by “a plan for children to divorce from their parents?”

　_________________________________________.

　参考答案

　【文章大意】通常而言，为儿童制定法律是件好事。100多年前，在工业国家，7岁大的孩子在工厂一天要工作18小时，工厂的老板可以打小孩，家长和老师们也可以这样做。今天世界上有很多保护儿童的法律。有些人认为儿童应该遵纪守法，否则就要受到惩罚。其他人则不同，爱斯基摩人从不惩罚儿童。如果孩子们做得太过份了，父母亲用开玩笑的方式来惩罚他们。在其他地方则不同，美国的家长可以在家打孩子的屁股，但老师不能在学校打学生。德国跟美国一样。但在瑞士任何人都不能打孩子，并有专门的政府部门来维护孩子们的权利。

　1. They were treated very badly.

　2. Do something too much.

　3. No, he can’t.

　4. None can do that.

　5、 A plan for ending the children’s relationship with their parents.

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　 02

　Sydney is a young city. Its history goes back just over 200 years. But in Australia, it is the oldest city. It is also the country’s largest city. Sydney is the capital of New South Wales and the most populous(人口稠密的) city of Australia.

　The climate(气候) of Sydney is very good. It’s not too cold during the winter and not too hot during the summer. The sky is blue，the air is fresh(清新的), birds sing in the garden. People who live in Sydney seem to have an easy life style. They will tell you, “Don’t worry. ”

　Many people think that Sydney is one of the most attractive cities in the world. It has many tall and modern buildings. Among them, Centrepoint

　Sydney is famous for its deep harbor(港口) .The harbor has many bays(湾) and beautiful surf beaches. Among them, Bondi beach is the most popular. Sydney Harbor is not only beautiful, it also serves as a large port. Ships carry wool, wheat and meat from

　People living in Sydney like to call themselves Sydneysiders. They are mostly friendly and easygoing. When they are not working, they love to have a good time at the beach, swimming and sailing.

　根据短文内容回答下列各问题。

　1. How old is Sydney?

　________________________________________

　2. How is the climate of Sydney?

　________________________________________

　3. How tall is Centrepoint

　________________________________________

　4. What is Sydney famous for?

　________________________________________

　5. What do people living in Sydney love to do when they are not working?

　________________________________________

　【参考答案】

　【文章大意】这是一篇介绍悉尼的文章，分别从历史、气候、建筑、港口和居民等方面阐述了悉尼的迷人之处。

　1. It’s just over 200 years old.

　2. It’s not too cold during the winter and not too hot during the summer. It’s very good.

　3. It’s 305 meters tall.

　4. Sydney is famous for its deep harbor.

　5. They love to go swimming and sailing.

　 03

　John Smith was an old porter. He worked at the station. Every day he was busy carrying heavy things for the people. He was careful with his work. He was kind to everyone. He was always ready to help others.

　One morning he stood in the station. He was waiting for the train. Just then he saw a man running towards the trains with a big bag in his hand.

　“No train is starting. Why is he in such a hurry?” the old man thought to himself.

　He went up to the man and asked, “May I help you?”

　As soon as the man saw the porter, he stopped running.

　“Can I catch the 10:35 train to London?” the man asked. He looked worried.

　The old porter looked at him for a few seconds and said, “Well, sir. I’d like to help you, but I can’t answer your question because I don’t know how fast you can run.” Then he explained to the man, “The 10:35 train to London left five minutes ago. Can you run fast enough to catch it?”

　1. What was John’s job?

　2. Where do you think the man was going?

　3. Why did the man run towards the trains and look worried?

　4. What time was it when the man got to the station?

　5. What do you think of John Smith?

　【答案及解析】

　通读全文, 故事讲述的是车站搬运工John Smith有一天在火车站同一名旅客间的一段对话，故事很幽默。

　第一个问题是一个细节题，第1段清楚地说明了他的工作：John Smith was an old porter。porter的意思的“(车站、码头) 的搬运工人”，如果考生不认识这个词，也可以由He worked at the station. Every day he was busy carrying heavy things for the people.这两句话了解他的工作性质。因此第一个问题的回答：John’s job was to carry heavy things for the people at station. / He was a porter.

　第二个问题是一个推理题，问题:这名旅客要去哪里。由文中这句旅客的问话Can I catch the 10:35 train to London?很容易推断出他要去伦敦。

　第三个问题仍要求考生推理得出答案，问题：为什么此人看上去很急的样子朝火车赶去。很显然是因为他在赶火车。对why提问要用because进行回答，第三个问题的回答是Because he wanted to catch the 10:35 train to London.

　第四个问题是推理题, 问的是：这名旅客赶到火车站的时间。由下文John的回答The 10:35 train to London left five minutes ago可知火车已开走，这名旅客赶到的时间是大约10: 40，因此第四题的回答是It was about10：40 (twenty to eleven) 。第五个问题是归纳题, 考查考生对文章大意的理解。这个问题的回答实际上就是全文的中心句, 在第一自然段里已做了介绍。He was careful with his work. He was kind to everyone and always ready to help others.

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　 04

　学习不用功可能挨老师的批评，考试不及格可能被父母打屁股，但你听说过有学习不用功要被钉死在十字架上的吗？本文中的Little Tommy就是这样想的。

　Little Tommy was doing very badly in math. His parents had tried everything—tutors (家庭教师), cards, special learning centers—in short, everything they could think of. Finally they took Tommy to a catholic (天主教的) school.

　After the first day, little Tommy came home with a very serious look on his face. He didn’t kiss his mother hello. Instead, he went straight to his room and started studying. Books and papers were spread (铺开) out all over the room and little Tommy was hard at work. His mother was surprised. She called him down to dinner and as soon as he finished eating, he went back to his room, without a word. In no time he was back hitting the books as hard as before. This went on for some time, day after day while the mother tried to understand what was happening.

　Finally, little Tommy brought home his report card. He quietly put it on the table and went up to his room and hit the books. His mom looked at it and to her surprise, little Tommy got an A in math. She could no longer hold her curiosity (好奇心). She went to his room and asked, “Son, what was it? Was it the nuns (修女)?”

　Little Tommy looked at her and shook his head, “No. ”

　“Well then,” she asked again. “WHAT was it?”

　Little Tommy looked at her and said, “Well, on the first day of school, when I saw that man nailed (钉) to the plus sign (加号), I knew they weren’t joking. ”

　根据以上短文内容，然后从每题所给的四个选项中选择最佳选项。

　1. Why did Tommy’s parents send him to a catholic school?

　A. Because he could eat well there.

　B. Because he could earn more about nuns.

　C. Because his parents wanted him to do better in his math.

　D. Because his parents didn’t want him to learn math any more.

　2. Tommy’s mother felt surprised that his son _______.

　A. was still the same as usual

　B. ate so much at dinner

　C. kissed her hello after school

　D. worked hard but said little

　3. “Hitting the books” means “_______” in Chinese.

　A. 用功

　B. 捶书

　C. 发泄

　D. 振作

　4. The last sentence in the passage shows that _______.

　A. Tommy felt sorry for the mail

　B. Tommy was afraid of being nailed

　C. Tommy didn’t like the plus sign

　D. Tommy liked playing jokes on others

　5. From the passage, we can infer (推断) that _______.

　A. teachers should be strict with their students

　B. mistaking (误解) might do good sometimes

　C. a catholic school is much better than other ones

　D. nuns are good at helping children with their math

　【答案及解析】

　1. 选C。文章第1段说Tommy数学学不好，其父母想尽了一切办法都不奏效，最后将他送进了一所天主教的教会学校。

　2. 选D。认真阅读第2段前面几句话，并注意以下信息：After the first day, little Tommy came home…didn’t kiss his mother hello…was hard at work…without a word. 可知答案应选D。

　3. 选A。根据文章大意和Finally, little Tommy brought home his report card. He quietly put it on the table and went up to his room and hit the books这个句子的语境，可知hit the books的意思是“用功”。

　4. 选B。Tommy学习一直不用功，但自从进了这所catholic school之后，情况就不一样了——整天都发狠读书，结果数学考试也得了A。这是为什么呢？文章在最后道出了其原因：Well, on the first day of school, when I saw that man nailed (钉) to the plus sign (加号), I knew they weren’t joking. 由此可知，Tommy是担心学习不用功会被钉在十字架上。

　5. 选B。Tommy把the man nailed to the plus sign误解为“学习不用功的结果”，从而一改自己原来不好学的不良习惯，很快就把数学成绩赶了上去。可见，误解有时也可以起到好的效果

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　 05

　捡钱不还虽可享用一时，但良心会一辈子不安；拾金不昧虽有点一时不忍，但那种感觉将会worth more than anything could buy。

　I worked for a short time as a cashier(出纳员) at a restaurant a few months ago. I also helped to clean up the tables when it was very busy. One night, just before Christmas, I found a large black wallet on the floor near one of the tables. I guessed I should check it to find out who was the owner, but I was very busy at the time. And I imagined that if there was something valuable(有价值的) in the wallet, the owner would be back. Sure enough, an hour later a man came up to the counter and asked if anyone had found a wallet. I asked him to describe the lost wallet, and after he described it exactly, I gave him the wallet. He expressed his thanks when I handed it to him. He asked me if I had opened it, and when I told him “no”. At once he opened it and showed that it had nearly $ 800 in cash(现金). He took out a twenty-dollar bill and handed it to me and I was amazed at this. “A reward(酬劳) for your honesty,” he said and then turned and walked away.

　Thinking about it later, I began wondering whether I would have been honest if I had known what was in the wallet! I thought that if I had no way to find the owner and no one returned to get it, I might keep it. But it also came into my mind that I actually saved someone’s Christmas plans by finding and returning the wallet. The good feeling it gave me was worth more than anything could buy.

　根据以上短文内容，然后从每题所给的四个选项中选择最佳选项。

　1. Which of the following is true?

　A. The owner of the wallet found a twenty-dollar bill gone.

　B. The writer wasn’t surprised when the man gave her a reward.

　C. Nothing in the wallet was missing.

　D. The man was very, very excited when he got his wallet back.

　2. The writer returned the wallet to the owner because _______.

　A. she thought Christmas was coming

　B. the owner came back too soon

　C. she didn’t know there was so much money in it

　D. as an honest person, she didn’t care much about money

　3. Which of the following is NOT true?

　A. The writer accepted a reward of $ 20.

　B. The writer regretted(后悔) that she had returned the wallet.

　C. The writer didn’t return the wallet until the owner came back.

　D. The writer fell very happy after she returned the wallet.

　【答案及解析】

　1. 选C。由于作者并未打开钱包，更没有从中取出什么，所以说Nothing in the wallet was missing。

　2. 选B。根据文章最后一段中的Thinking about it later, I began wondering whether I would have been honest if I had known what was in the wallet! I thought that if I had no way to find the owner and no one returned to get it, I might keep it可排除选项C和D。比较选项A和B，再结合文章大意，选B为佳(from )

　3. 选B。此题可用排除法来做：根据第1段最后两句He took out a twenty-dollar bill and handed it to me and I was amazed at this. “A reward for your honesty,” he said and then turned and walked away可知选项A与文章内容相符；选项B的意思是“作者直到失主返回来才将钱包还给他”，这显然与文章内容相符；根据第2段最后一句话The good feeling it gave me was worth more than anything could buy可知，选项D也与文章内容相符。

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　 06

　John,

　I’ll be home late tonight. I have to stay for a business meeting after work. Will you please pick up my jacket from the dry cleaner ? The children are at Mother’s.Pick them up there. Could you give them their bath (洗澡 ) and make dinner for them ? Don’t wait for me for dinner. I don’t know what time the meeting will end. And please don’t forget to buy some bread, milk and a little butter at the supermarket. We don’t have any.

　Love,

　Sue

　This is a 1 from Sue to John. Sue is John’s 2 . One day Sue had to stay for a meeting and couldn’t go home for 3 . The children were at their 4 home. So Sue wrote to tell John to do some 5 . He would go and get the children 6 first, then he would 7 some bread, milk and 8 the children to take a bath. She didn’t tell John how long the meeting would 9 because she didn’t 10 when the meeting would be over.

　通读短文后知道：这是Sue 留给丈夫John的一封短信。Sue 因为要参加一个会议不能去接孩子和回家做家务事，她在信内告诉丈夫John要做那些家务事，并且说因为不知道会议要开多久，她不要John等她回来吃饭。

　答案1：letter / note / message。从文章格式可以知道。

　答案2：wife。从Sue 叫John 到母亲家里去接孩子；要为孩子洗澡；买食品和信结尾的内容可以知道。

　答案3：dinner / supper。根据信中的句子 “I have to stay for business meeting after work.” 和句子 “ Don’t wait for me for dinner.” 可以知道。

　答案4：grandmother’s。文章中Sue 对丈夫John 说孩子是在母亲家里，对孩子们来说他们是在奶奶/外婆家了。

　答案5：housework。由Sue 要 John 接孩子，为他们洗澡和准备晚餐，并到超级商场买食品等知道Sue 要John 做一些家务活。

　答案6：back / home。由句子 “ The children are at Mother’s. Pick them up there.” 可以知道答案。

　答案7：buy / get。根据短信最后两句意思可以知道。

　答案8：help / ask / tell。由句子 “Could you give them their bath ?” 可以知道答案。

　答案9：last / be。

　答案10：know。根据信中的句子 “ Don’t wait for me for dinner. I don’t know what time the meeting will end.” 可以推知这两道题的答案。

　 07

　根据短文内容，完成下列句子或短文，每空填一个英语单词。

　One day, Mr White told the class to get ready for a hobby show. All the students had the whole morning to get what they were going to show.

　All the students came back on time except Bob, the laziest boy in his classmates’ eyes. It was very difficult to believe that such a boy could have a hobby. But to their surprise, Bob came back with many beautiful stamps in his hand. Mr White was very happy after watching them. However, Bob was going to take them back.

　“Bob, you can’t take them back until the others watch them this afternoon,” said Mr White.

　“But I’m sorry they are my brother’s,” he answered. “He doesn’t want them to be out of our home for long. He’s afraid that they will be lost.”

　“Bob, you should show your own hobby here, not someone else’s” Mr White became a bit angry.

　But Bob’s following words made him even angrier. “Mr White, it’s true that I have a hobby. My hobby is watching my brother collecting stamps.”

　1. All the students ______ the whole morning in ______ready for the hobby show.

　2. Bob was so______ that his classmates didn’t ______ he could have a hobby.

　3. When Bob ______ to his classroom, he brought many beautiful ______.

　4. The things in ______ hand were ______ his but his brother’s.

　5. Bob thought he ______ a “hobby”. He liked ______ his brother collecting.

　参考答案

　本文是个幽默故事，怀特先生叫全班学生展示自己的业余爱好，懒惰的Bob意外地带来了许多邮票。经老师盘问才知邮票是他哥哥集的，他的业余爱好就是爱他哥哥集邮。答案为：

　1. spent, getting 2. lazy, think / believe

　3. returned, stamps 4.Bob’s, not

　5.had, watching

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　 08

　John,

　I’ll be home late tonight. I have to stay for a business meeting after work. Will you please pick up my jacket from the dry cleaner? The children are at Mother’s. Pick them up there. Could you give them their bath and make dinner for them? Don’t wait for me for dinner. I don’t know what time the meeting will end. And please don’t forget to buy some bread, milk and a little fuller at the supermarket. We don’t have any.

　Love,

　Sue

　This is a (1) ______ from Sue to John. Sue is John’s (2) ______. One day Sue had to stay for a meeting and couldn’t go home for (3) ______. The children were at their (4) ______ home. So Sue wrote to tell John to do some (5) ______. He would go and get the children (6) ______ first then he would (7) ______ some bread, milk and (8) ______ the children to take a bath. She didn’t tell John how long the meeting would (9) ______ because she didn’t (10) ______ when the meeting would be over.

　答案及解析

　此题考查考生对日常生活中便条的理解及转述的能力。

　1. note / message

　2. wife 从便条中The children are at Mother’s句及后文叫对方去接孩子并给孩子洗澡等内容可判断。

　3. dinner / supper

　4. grandmother’s / grandfather’s / grandparents’

　5. housework 购物和照料孩子等都属家务活。

　6. back / home

　7. buy / get

　8. help

　9. last / be 注意last可与时间段连用表示“延续”多久。

　10. know

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　 09

　根据下面一篇短文的内容判断下列句子的正误，正确的用“A”表示，错误的用“B”表示。

　In 1605, a scientist took a willow branch(柳枝) and planted it. He didn’t plant it in the ground, however. He planted it in a vase of soil(泥土). For the next five years, the scientist watered that willow carefully.

　The willow grew and grew. Where did it get the food for its growth? To most people, this was an easy question. The willow plant, of course, took the food from the soil.

　The scientist, however, wanted evidence(证据).If the willow took the food from the soil for its growth, then, as it grew and weighed more, the soil ought to weigh less. He weighed the willow branch before he planted it. It weighed five pounds. Then he weighed the soil. It weighed 200 pounds. After five years, he weighed the plant and the soil again. The willow tree weighed 169 pounds, but the soil weighed almost the same.

　The result(结果) was surprising. Where did the 164 pounds come from?

　After many investigations(调查), the scientist got the answer. He had given water to the willow, and the willow got its food from the water.

　He was right, in a way. Today we know more about the question.

　1. The scientist did the experiment in the sixteenth century.

　2. Most people thought the plant got the food from the soil for its growth.

　3. The soil in the vase weighed two hundred pounds.

　4. The scientist found that the willow grew and weighed more and the soil weighed less.

　5. The soil weighed 164 pounds after five years.

　6. Now we know about the question as much as the scientist did.

　答案及解析

　1. B 事实细节题。因为1605年是第17世纪的第5年，而不是第16世纪。

　2. A事实细节题。由第2段To most people, this was an easy question. The willow plant, of course, took the food from the soil 可知。

　3. A事实细节题。由第3段的Then he weighed the soil. It weighed 200 pounds可知。

　4. B事实细节题。由第3段最后一句The willow tree weighed 169 pounds, but the soil weighed almost the same可知。

　5. B事实细节题。因为164 pounds不是土壤的重，而是the willow由5年前的5 pounds到169 pounds所增加的重量。

　6. B事实细节题。由文章最后一句Today we know more about the question 可知。

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　 10

　Young people are often unhappy when they are with their parents. They say that their parents don’t understand them. They often think their parents are too strict with them, and they are never given a free hand.

　Parents often find it difficult to win their