新目标英语八年级(下)典型正误例析(Units,1~2)|八年级英语上册课本

　　Unit 1Will people have robots? 　　 　　1. 你能给我几张纸吗? 　　误: Can you give me some papers?
　　正: Can you give me some paper?
　　析: paper作“纸”解时,是不可数名词,没有复数形式。例如:
　　Books will only be on computers, not on paper in the future. 将来书将只在电脑上出版,而不在纸上出版。
　　表示“一些纸”时,可用some paper, 不能用some papers。 可以说a piece of paper(一张纸), two pieces of paper(两张纸)。 paper作“报纸”解时,是可数名词。例如:
　　Please give me an evening paper. 请给我一张晚报。
　　2. 他会用英语唱歌。
　　误: He can be able to sing in English.
　　正: He can sing in English.
　　正: He is able to sing in English.
　　析: can和be able to都可以表示能力,不可将两者同时用在一个句子中,以免造成意思上的重复。例如:
　　Are you able to drive a car? (= Can you drive a car?) 你会开小汽车吗?
　　3. 半小时后他们会回来。
　　误: They will come back after half an hour.
　　正: They will come back in half an hour.
　　析: in 与after都含有“在……以后”的意思,与表示一段时间的短语连用。 “in + 一段时间”常与go, come, start, arrive, return (be back), finish等终止性动词的将来时连用。例如:
　　We’ll finish the work in two days. 我们将在两天后完成这项工作。
　　“after + 一个时间点/一个事件”可与过去时或将来时的谓语动词连用。例如:
　　We’ll get there after two o’clock. 两点钟以后,我们将到达那里。
　　Just after seven it began to rain. 刚过七点天就下起雨来。
　　He started after three days. 他在三天后出发了。
　　4. 这所学校有数百名学生。
　　误: There are hundred of students in the school.
　　正: There are hundreds of students in the school.
　　析: hundreds of表示不确切的数字,即“好几百”,“许许多多”。例如:
　　However, they agree it may take hundreds of years. 然而,他们都一致认为这要经历好几百年的时间。
　　hundred与基数词连用时,表示具体数字,切记此时hundred不应为复数形式。例如:
　　The bus is about two hundred meters from his home. 公共汽车站离他的家大约有两百米。
　　5. 夏天很多女孩子穿裙子。
　　误: Many girls dress skirts in summer.
　　正: Many girls wear skirts in summer.
　　析: dress用作不及物动词时,意为“穿衣”,指“穿”衣服的动作;用作及物动词时,意为“给……穿衣”,后面的宾语是“人”,不是表示“衣服”的名词。例如:
　　Could you dress the children for me? 你能不能替我给孩子穿上衣服?
　　表示“穿”的状态时,应该用wear。 例如:
　　We have to wear our school uniforms to school. 我们必须穿校服上学。
　　6. 我想要乘宇宙飞船飞往月球。
　　误: I want to fly to a moon by spaceship.
　　正: I want to fly to the moon by spaceship.
　　析: 表示世界上独一无二的东西,如sun, moon, earth等,其前要用定冠词。例如:
　　The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。
　　7. 他今天似乎有点生气。
　　误: He seems a bit angrily today.
　　正: He seems a bit angry today.
　　析: seem是系动词,其后应该用形容词作表语,不应该用副词。例如:
　　She seems happy. 她看似幸福。
　　8. 玛丽放学后经常帮助母亲做家务。
　　误: Mary often helps her mother with her houseworks after school.
　　正: Mary often helps her mother with her housework after school.
　　析: housework是不可数名词,没有复数形式。表示很多家务活不能说many houseworks, 但可以说much housework。 例如:
　　His father likes doing housework. 他的父亲喜欢做家务。
　　9. 老师让我们朗读课文。
　　误: The teacher made us to read the text.
　　正: The teacher made us read the text.
　　析: 此句中的make是使役动词。依照惯用法,其后应跟省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。要表示“让(使)某人做某事”,应该用make somebody do something。 例如:
　　How did she make the baby stop crying? 她是怎样让婴儿不哭的?
　　10. 他做那件事是不可能的。
　　误: He is impossible to do that.
　　正: It’s impossible for him to do that.
　　析: impossible作表语时,一般不用“人”作主语,而应该用it作形式主语,用for sb to do sth作真正的主语,即用“It is (was) impossible for somebody to do something”句式。这与汉语的习惯不同。例如:
　　It’s impossible for us to learn two languages in a year. 我们不可能在一年内学会两门外语。
　　
　　[练习] 从下列各句的A、B、C、D中找出一处错误,并加以改正。
　　1. I can see hundred of birds flying in the sky.
　　 A B C D
　　2. Would you please give me a paper to write on.
　　 A B C D
　　3. I could be able to run very fast when I was a boy.
　　 A B C D
　　4. They are trying hard to send man-made satellites round moon.
　　 A B C D
　　5. Is she dressing the same clothes?
　　A B C D
　　6. They seem quite happily with the work.
　　 A B C D
　　7. The boss made them to work from morning till night.
　　 A B C D
　　8. If we go by plane, we shall get there after two hours.
　　A B C D
　　9. He has much houseworks to do on weekends.
　　 A B C D
　　10. They are impossible to build the bridge in half a year.
　　 A B C D
　　
　　Unit 2What should I do?
　　
　　1. 这本词典我昨天付过款了。
　　误: I paid the dictionary yesterday.
　　正: I paid for the dictionary yesterday.
　　析: pay是个及物动词,有“付”、“支付”的意思,其后可以跟双宾语,直接宾语是钱,间接宾语是人。其后也可以跟一个宾语,充当宾语的应该是人或钱款,而不是所购买的东西。例如:
　　She paid me two yuan yesterday. 她昨天付给我两块钱。
　　如果要说“支付(某物的)款”,则应该用pay for something或pay some money for something。 例如:
　　I paid for the apples just now. 这些苹果我刚才付过款了。
　　She paid three yuan for the bananas. 买这些香蕉她花了三元钱。
　　2. 大家都觉得三天完成这项工作有困难。
　　误: Everyone finds difficult to finish the work in three days.
　　正: Everyone finds it difficult to finish the work in three days.
　　析: 动词find后面跟“动词不定式 + 宾语补足语”构成的复合宾语时,一般应把不定式短语放在句末,而在find后面用it作形式宾语。这个it不能省略。例如:
　　She also says that these children may find it hard to be independent when they are older. 她也说,这些孩子长大后,也许会发现自己独立生活很困难。
　　3. 她昨晚十一点才上床睡觉。
　　误: She went to bed until eleven o’clock last night.
　　正: She didn’t go to bed until eleven o’clock last night.
　　析: until可用作介词,后面接表示时间的名词,也可用作从属连词,用来引导时间状语从句。如果主句谓语动词是go, come, get, arrive, start, begin, leave等终止性动词,则一定要用其否定式。这时not ... until ... 表示“直到……才……”。例如:
　　The tired children didn’t get home until 7 pm. 劳累的孩子们直到晚上7点钟才回到家。
　　4. 他们在电话里谈了很久。
　　误: They talked in the phone for a long time.
　　正: They talked on the phone for a long time.
　　析: 依照惯用法,“在电话里交谈”应该是talk on the phone。 例如:
　　I don’t want to talk about it on the phone. 我不想在电话里谈这个问题。
　　5. 我确实不知道这事怎么办。
　　误: I really don’t know what to do it.
　　正: I really don’t know how to do it.
　　析: to do后面已有宾语it, 就不应该再有逻辑宾语what。 how是表示行为方式的副词,可以在逻辑上充当to do it的状语。
　　6. 她总是怨天尤人。
　　误: She is always complaining something.
　　正: She is always complaining about something.
　　析: complain意为“抱怨”,是不及物动词。要表示“抱怨某事”,不能用complain something, 而应该用complain about something。
　　7. 他不会来,他的兄弟也不会来。
　　误: He won’t come and his brother either.
　　正: He won’t come and his brother won’t, either.
　　析: either用作副词时,意为“也”,一般用在否定句中。例如:
　　I don’t want the blue coat, and I don’t want the red one, either. 我不要那件蓝色的上衣,也不要那件红色的。
　　8. 他在询问苹果的价钱。
　　误: He is asking for the price of the apples.
　　正: He is asking the price of the apples.
　　析: 要用ask询问价钱、时间、名字,应该说ask the price/time/ name, 不应该说ask for the price/time/name。 误句中ask后面的for应删去。 ask for something意为“要某物”、“要求得到某物”。例如:
　　Paul walked up to Sara and asked for a cup of coffee. 保罗走到萨拉面前,要了一杯咖啡。
　　ask for somebody意为“要见某人”、“要找某人”。例如:
　　Did anybody ask for me? 有人找过我吗?
　　9. 我大约七点钟给你打电话。
　　误: I’ll call up you at about 7 o’clock.
　　正: I’ll call you up at about 7 o’clock.
　　析: call up是“及物动词 + 副词”构成的短语动词,人称代词作宾语时,应将其放在动词和副词之间。例如:
　　Maybe you should call him up. 也许你应该给他打电话。
　　10. 史密斯先生很生他儿子的气。
　　误: Mr Smith was angry to his son.
　　正: Mr Smith was angry with his son.
　　析: 要表示“对某人生气”,应该用be angry with somebody。例如:
　　My friend was angry with me yesterday. 昨天我的朋友生我的气了。
　　
　　[练习] 从下列各句的A、B、C、D中找出一处错误,并将其改正。
　　1. If you don’t come here, I will, either.
　　A B C D
　　2. I’m quite able to pay the car.
　　 A B C D
　　3. They are always complaining high prices.
　　 A B C D
　　4. He found difficult to get to sleep last night.
　　 A B C D
　　5. I went to bed yesterday evening until Father came back from work.
　　 A B C D
　　6. The teacher was very angry to me when I was late for class.
　　 A B C D
　　7. Can you tell me what to do it.
　　 A B C D
　　8. I will call up you as soon as I get there.
　　 A B C D
　　9. Did you ask for the price of that ten-speed bicycle?
　　 A B C D
　　10. Mother told me not to talk about it in the phone.
　　 A B C D
　　
　　Key to Unit 1:
　　1. B。 hundred→hundreds2. B。 a→a piece of
　　3. A。 could be able to→could或was able to4. D。 moon→the moon
　　5. B。 dressing→wearing6. C。 happily→happy7. B。 to work→work
　　8. D。 after→in9. B。 houseworks→housework
　　10. A。 They are impossible→It’s impossible for them
　　
　　Key to Unit 2:
　　1. D。 will→won’t2. C。 pay→pay for
　　3. B。 complaining→complaining about
　　4. A。 found difficult→found it difficult5. A。 went→didn’t go
　　6. B。 to→with7. C。 what→how8. B。 call up you→call you up
　　9. B。 ask for→ask10. D。 in→on