狂野西部电影传奇 狂野西部传奇游戏攻略
时间：2019-02-16 03:33:08 来源：柠檬阅读网 本文已影响 人 
WILD WEST MOVIES 当众多充满商业气息的西方电影向我们的眼球进攻的时候，我们既享受着视觉上令人愉悦的冲击，也懊恼着眼花缭乱的画面所产生的视觉疲劳。这个时候，我们不仅会怀念起那些简单的老电影，而观看西部老片则是对这种简单的最好怀想。本期《追星基地》，我们就来追溯一下这些令人难忘的西部片吧！
Westerns are set in the American West, almost always in the
19th century, generally between the Civil War and the end of
the century. However, their setting may extend further back
to the time of the American colonial period or forward to the mid-twentieth century. They may also range geographically from Mexico to Canada.
Many westerns involve characters who wander from town to town, their sole possessions consisting of clothing, a gun, and a horse. The high technology of the era - such as the telegraph, printing press, and railroad - may appear, occasionally as a development just arriving, and usually symbolizing the impending end of the frontier lifestyle which will soon give way to the march of civilization.
The Western takes these simple elements and uses them to tell morality tales, usually setting them against spectacular American landscapes. Westerns often stress the harshness of the wilderness and frequently set the action in a desert-like landscape. Cowboys and gunslingers play prominent roles in Western movies. Often fights with Indians are depicted. Other recurring themes of westerns include long treks, and groups of bandits terrorizing small towns, such as in The Magnificent Seven.
The Western genre itself has sub-genres, such as the epic Western, the shoot "em up, singing cowboy Westerns, and a few comedy Westerns.
History
A genre in which description and dialogue are lean, and the landscape spectacular, is well suited to a visual medium. Early Westerns were mostly filmed in the studio like other early Hollywood movies, but when location shooting became more common, producers of Westerns used desolate corners of California, Arizona, Utah, Nevada, Colorado or Wyoming, often making the landscape not just a vivid backdrop, but a character in the movie. The western film traces its roots back to The Great Train Robbery, a silent film directed by Edwin S. Porter and starring Bronco Billy Anderson. Released in 1903, the film"s popularity opened the door for Anderson to become the screen"s first cowboy star.
西部片几乎总是以19世纪的美国西部为背景，通常是介于南北战争到世纪末之前的时间段。然而，它们的背景设置可能会向前推溯至美国殖民时期或向后延伸至20世纪中期。在地域上，它们也可能发生在墨西哥和加拿大之间的某地。
很多西部片都有那类穿梭于城镇之间的角色，他们唯一所拥有的就是衣服、一杆枪和一匹马。而那个时代的高科技，例如电报机、印刷机和铁路，也会出现（在片中），有时候是作为一种新生事物，而且通常是象征着边镇生活方式即将没落，很快就会在文明的进程中消亡。
西部片采用了这些简单元素，并运用它们来讲述道义伦理的故事――一般是将其设定在雄壮的美国地貌之中。西部片经常渲染荒野之地的严酷，常常将情节设定在宛如沙漠的地貌之中。牛仔和枪手在西部电影中扮演了重要的角色。而且经常会有和印地安人战斗的画面。而其它西部片惯用的主题则包括长途跋涉、肆虐小镇的群匪，如《七侠荡寇志》。
西部片这一类别本身还有分支类型，例如西部史诗片、枪战片、牛仔放歌型西部片以及一些西部喜剧片。
西部片的渊源
在刻画和对话方面单薄而景色雄壮的类型非常适合以视频作为载体。早期的西部片和其它早期好莱坞电影一样大都是在摄影棚中拍摄的，但是当外景拍摄变得更为普及之时，西部片的制片人们就利用了加里福尼亚州、亚利桑那州、犹他州、内华达州、科罗拉多州或怀俄明州的荒凉之地，经常是将此类地貌既当作生动的背景又用作电影中的一个“角色”。西部片的源头可以追溯到由埃德温・S・波特执导、布朗克・比利・安德森主演的无声电影《火车大劫案》。于1903年上映的这部电影大受欢迎，为安德森开启了成为银幕上首位牛仔明星的大门。
Classical Westerns
The golden age of the western film is epitomised by the work of two directors: John Ford (who often used John Wayne for lead roles) and Howard Hawks. Ford"s 1939 epic, Stagecoach is considered one of the best westerns ever made. In the classical Western, a very simplistic moral framework is used: heroes are strong and brave, while villains are irredeemably evil.
传统的西部片
西部电影的黄金时期集中体现在两名导演的作品之中：约翰・福特（总是启用约翰・韦恩来担当主角）和霍华德・霍克斯。福特1939年的史诗巨作《关山飞渡》被认为是有史以来制作得最出色的西部片之一。在传统的西部片中，运用到了一个再简单不过的道义框架：主角强悍而英勇，而反角则是不可救药的魔鬼。
Spaghetti Westerns
During the 1960s and 1970s, a revival of the Western emerged in Italy with the "Spaghetti Westerns" or "Italo-Westerns". Many of these films were low-budget affairs, shot in locations chosen for their cheapness and for the similarity of their landscapes to those of the southwestern United States (southern Spain was the most popular choice). Spaghetti Westerns were characterised by the presence of more action and violence than the Hollywood westerns.
通心粉西部片
在20世纪60年代和70年代期间，“通心粉西部片”，即“意大利式西部片”，在意大利掀起了西部片的复兴。这类影片中有很多都是低预算作品，选取了那些价格低廉、地貌与美国西南部相似的地方作为拍摄地（西班牙南部是最热门的选择）。与好莱坞西部片相比，“通心粉西部片”的特色在于呈现了更多的打斗与暴力场景。
Revisionist Westerns
Beginning in the 1960s, in part due to the impact of the Spaghetti Westerns, many filmmakers began to question traditional themes of westerns. Aside from the portrayal of the Native American as a "savage", audiences also began to question the simple hero versus villain dualism, and the use of violence to test one"s character or to prove oneself right. Examples of "revisionist westerns" include Little Big Man, Dances With Wolves and Unforgiven.
反传统西部片
由于部分上受到了“通心粉西部片”的影响，从20世纪60年代起，很多电影制作人开始对西部片的传统主题提出质疑。而观众们不光对将美国土著人刻画成“野人”提出质疑，还开始对简单地以英雄和恶棍进行划分的二元论以及将暴力作为检验某人品质或证明某人正确性的方式提出了质疑。“反传统西部片”的例作包括《小巨人》、《与狼共舞》和《不可饶恕》。
Future of Westerns?
As America moves away from the period in which they are set, Westerns do not have the massive popularity they once did, and people are nowadays able to watch them on DVD, reducing the need for new ones. However, a handful of Western movies continue to be made each year. The appeal of these frontier stories of action, adventure and honour, seems unlikely to disappear any time soon.
西部片何去何从？
随着美国的发展，西部片所设定的背景时期渐渐远去，它们不再像从前那样倍受欢迎了，而且如今人们能够在DVD上观看到这些影片，从而降低了对新片的需求。然而，每年仍会制作几部西部电影。来自于这些充斥着打斗、冒险和荣誉的边镇故事的吸引力，看起来未必会很快消失殆尽。
Important Figures 人物出击
John Wayne 约翰・韦恩
Known as "The Duke", Wayne was an American film actor whose career began in silent movies in the 1920s. He was a major star from the 1940s to the 1970s. He is most famous for his Westerns, and became an enduring American icon.
拥有“公爵”之称的韦恩是一位美国电影演员，其事业起步于20世纪20年代的无声电影。他是20世纪40年代至70年代的一位重要明星。他最为人称道的是其主演的西部片，而且成为了美国人永远的偶像。
Sergio Leone 赛尔乔・莱昂内
Italian director Leone"s second feature, A Fistful of Dollars, caused a revolution. Although it wasn"t the first spaghetti Western, it was far and away the most successful, and shot former TV cowboy Clint Eastwood to stardom. The two sequels, For A Few Dollars More and The Good, The Bad and The Ugly, were even more successful.
意大利导演莱昂内的第二部影片《荒野大镖客》曾引起了一场革命。虽然它并不是第一部“通心粉西部片”，但它无疑是最成功的一部，并使前电视牛仔克林特・伊斯特伍德一举成名。而两部后续之作，《黄昏双镖客》和《黄金三镖客》，甚至更加成功。
Clint Eastwood 克林特・伊斯特伍德
Clint got his first breakthrough with the long-running Western TV series Rawhide (1959). As Rowdy Yates, he made the show his own and became a household name around the country. But Eastwood found even bigger and better things with Italian director Sergio Leone. The Dollars movies were a big hit and he became an international star. In 1992, Eastwood won the Best Director Oscar for his revisionist Western Unforgiven.
克林特在西部题材的长篇电视连续剧《皮鞭》（1959）中第一次取得了突破。扮演劳迪・叶慈的他，使这部电视剧成为了他的个人表演，而且成为了全国家喻户晓的人物。但通过与意大利导演赛尔乔・莱昂内的合作，伊斯特伍德甚至取得了更大更高的成就。系列电影《金钱》大获成功，而他也成为了一名国际巨星。1992年，伊斯特伍德因其“反传统西部片”《不可饶恕》而赢得了奥斯卡最佳导演奖。
