[遨游太空] 宇航员遨游太空图片

　　翻译：在浠 　　A Day in Space 　　 　　Astronauts have very busy lives. Each day in orbit is carefully planned by mission control. The times used by the 1)crew are based on those at the mission control centres in Houston, Texas, or Moscow.
　　The 12-hour working day on the International Space Station(ISS) begins with a wake-up call. After a quick 2)rub down with a soapy cloth, the crew have breakfast and 3)run through the jobs for the day.
　　Space stations are like large, 4)complicated houses that need 5)constant care and attention. A lot of time has to be spent on housekeeping 6)chores ?such as cleaning and repairs.
　　There are three meal sessions ?breakfast, lunch and dinner ?though drinks and snacks are always 7)available. Much of the crew’s time is spent preparing and carrying out scientific experiments. This may 8)involve speaking to scientists on the ground.
　　At least two hours each day are spent on exercise. This is 9)essential to keep the crew fit and healthy. Loading 10)ferry 11)craft with rubbish and unloading fresh supplies is a major task. Many hours can also be spent getting ready for spacewalks.
　　
　　Learning to Live Together
　　
　　Do you feel homesick after being away for a week or two? Do you feel lonely after being on your own for a few hours? If so, you may not enjoy being an astronaut.
　　In some ways, living in a space station is like being 12)stranded on a desert island. A crew of two or three astronauts has to survive far from home for weeks or months.
　　If their mission is to be a success, they have to learn to live and work together as a team. Crew members have to learn to share jobs such as cleaning and repairs. They also have to talk over problems and agree how to overcome them.
　　Fortunately, astronauts can now send e-mails and talk to their families over video links. The 13)isolation is also broken by regular 14)deliveries of mail and visiting crews.
　　
　　Weightlessness
　　
　　Once a spacecraft reaches orbit, everything inside it appears to be weightless. Anything (or anyone) that is not tied down will float.
　　Astronauts first feel the effect of weightlessness when the rocket engines are turned off. Straight away, they begin to float, held down only by seatbelts. Weightlessness allows astronauts to appear superstrong. They can lift objects that would be far too heavy to move on Earth. But there are some 15)drawbacks.
　　Without the effect of 16)gravity, blood and other body 17)fluids begin to flow towards the head. This can cause a feeling of 18)stuffiness and headaches. With no gravity to push against, bones and muscles can become weak. To stay fit, they have to exercise several hours each day. This allows them to recover more quickly when they return to Earth.
　　In a shuttle or space station, there is no up or down. There is no difference between a floor and a ceiling. This can make astronauts feel sick until they get used to this strange arrangement.
　　
　　Washing up
　　
　　Living in a space station is rather like living in a desert. There is very little water available and every drop is precious.
　　The Space Shuttle has 19)fuel cells that 20)combine hydrogen and oxygen to make electricity. Large amounts of water are made as a 21)by-product. But there are no fuel cells on the ISS.
　　Nearly all of the water used on the ISS has to be brought from Earth. Astronauts use this for drinks and preparing food. There is no washing of dirty dishes either. Used food containers are 22)crushed and thrown away.
　　Astronauts use a 23)damp, soapy cloth for washing. The toilet uses a flow of air instead of water to flush away the human waste. 24)Urine produced when astronauts use the toilet is also 25)purified and recycled.
　　
　　Astronaut Training
　　
　　Before they can fly in space, astronauts have to undergo hundreds of hours of training.
　　Newcomers who want to qualify as astronauts have to pass a one-year course of basic training. The candidates learn about space technology and science, basic medical skills, and how the ISS works. They also become familiar with 26)scuba diving.
　　After this, they go on to another year of advanced training. They learn in more detail about the various parts of the ISS, the experiments and the transport 27)vehicles, and the involvement of ground control.
　　They can then be 28)assigned to a mission. Working as much as possible with the other members of the crew, they learn about the special tasks linked with their mission and they become familiar with weightlessness doing 29)parabolic flights.
　　
　　Would you like to be an astronaut?
　　
　　You do not have to be superman or superwoman to fly in space. Many men and women, from many different countries, have become astronauts.
　　If you want to be one of the few people to experience the 30)thrill of 31)lift off, see the Earth from 32)on high and float in a spacecraft, then how do you go about it? Well:
　　First: you must really want to become an astronaut as it takes many years of study and work before you even begin your astronaut training. Most astronauts begin when they are between 27 and 37.
　　Second: you need to be clever enough to attend a university to study engineering, medicine or one of the sciences. Many astronauts also learn to be pilots in their country’s airforce.
　　Third: astronauts come from many different countries, so they need to speak English so that they can all talk to one another.
　　Fourth: you must be healthy as astronaut training can be very tiring.
　　Lastly: on a spacecraft astronauts live and work in a very small space, so you need to get on with people.
　　Are you still interested? If so, maybe you will become one of the men and women that orbits the Earth in a spacecraft, walks in space or visits Mars. See you in space!
　　
　　太空的一天
　　
　　宇航员的生活很忙碌。每一天，他们在轨道上的生活都由控制中心细心安排。机组人员所用的时间以位于（美国）德克萨斯州休斯敦或（俄罗斯）莫斯科的控制中心的时间为准。
　　每天叫醒闹钟一响，一天里在国际空间站12小时的工作便开始了。机组人员用涂有肥皂的布迅速擦洗干净后便吃早餐，然后浏览当日的工作安排。
　　空间站就像巨大而复杂的房子一样需要不断的照料和关心。宇航员需要花费大量时间在家务杂事上―例如清洁和修理（空间站）。
　　这里一天有三顿饭―早餐、午餐和晚餐―当然，饮品和小吃是随时供应的。工作人员的大部分时间用在准备以及执行科学实验上，其中包括与地面科学家的对话。
　　每天，宇航员都要花上至少两个小时进行锻炼，这对保持他们的身体健康至关重要。把废物装进运载飞船以及从运载飞船上卸载新鲜补给是他们的主要任务。另外，宇航员还会花上数小时为太空漫步作准备。
　　
　　学习一起生活
　　
　　离家一两个星期后你会犯思乡病吗？独处几个小时后你会感到寂寞吗？如果会，那么你就可能不适合当宇航员了。
　　从某些方面来说，在空间站生活就像流落荒岛一样。一组两至三名的宇航员必须在远离家园的太空生活数周甚至数个月。
　　要确保任务顺利完成，他们必须学习像一个团队那样一起生活和工作。组员要学会分担各类工作，比如清洁卫生和修理。他们也要共同讨论问题，并就解决方法达成共识。
　　幸运的是，现在宇航员可以发电子邮件，还可以通过视频链接与家人通话。此外，定期的信件输送和访问者的到来也会打破这种与世隔绝的状态。
　　
　　失重状态
　　
　　太空船一旦进入太空轨道，里面的所有物体就会处于失重状态。任何没有被绑住的物体（或人）便会飘起来。
　　当火箭引擎关闭时，宇航员就开始感觉到失重的影响。如果没有系安全带，他们就会立刻飘起来。失重状态让宇航员变得力大无比，他们可以举起那些在地球上重得根本无法搬动的物体。然而这种状态也存在一些缺点。
　　没有了重力作用，血液和其它体液开始流向头部，这会让人产生胸闷和头痛的感觉。另外，没有了重力的推压，骨头和肌肉会变得脆弱。为了保持身体健康，宇航员每天必须进行数小时的锻炼，这让他们在回到地球后得以尽快恢复。
　　在穿梭机或空间站里没有上下之分，地板和天花板是一样的，这会让宇航员感到非常不适，直到他们适应了这种奇怪的状态为止。
　　
　　清洗
　　
　　在太空生活与在沙漠生活十分相似。那里可用的水很少，每一滴水都很珍贵。
　　太空穿梭机的燃料电池通过氢和氧的化学结合产生电能，由此产生大量副产品―水。然而在国际空间站里并没有燃料电池。
　　国际空间站所用的水几乎都是从地球带去的。宇航员饮用这些水，并用它准备食物。这里也无需清洗碗碟，用完的食品容器会被压碎扔掉。
　　宇航员用涂有肥皂的湿布洗澡。马桶则通过气流而不是水流冲走排泄物。宇航员使用马桶后产生的尿液也会被净化，循环再用。
　　
　　宇航员训练
　　
　　在宇航员向太空出发之前，他们必须经过几百个小时的培训。
　　希望成为合格宇航员的新人必须先通过一门为期一年的基本培训课程。候选人要学习空间技术和空间科学、基本医学技能，还有国际空间站的运作方式。他们同时也要熟悉戴水肺潜水。
　　完成这个课程后，他们继续进行另外一年的高级培训。他们要更详细地学习国际空间站各部分的运作以及各种实验和运输工具，还有地面控制中心的参与工作。
　　然后他们会被分派一项任务。他们与其他组员紧密合作，并了解到与其任务关联的各种特殊作业，也逐渐适应在失重状态下进行抛物线飞行。
　　
　　你想成为一名宇航员吗？
　　
　　想飞向太空，你不需要是超人或女超人。许多来自不同国家的男男女女都当上了宇航员。
　　如果你想成为少数能够体验火箭发射时那种刺激感的人，又或是希望从高处俯瞰地球、在太空船里飘浮，那么你要怎样做呢？请看：
　　第一：你必须真的想成为一名宇航员，因为在开始接受宇航员训练之前，你要花上多年时间学习和工作。多数宇航员在27至37岁间开始（接受训练）。
　　第二：你要十分聪明，以便到大学学习工程学、医学或其中一门理科。另外，许多宇航员在自己国家的空军部队里学习当一名飞行员。
　　第三：宇航员来自许多不同国家，所以他们要学习英语，以便相互沟通。
　　第四：你必须有一个健康的体魄，因为宇航员训练会很辛苦。
　　最后：在太空船里，宇航员生活和工作的地方十分狭小，所以你要和其他人和睦相处。
　　你现在还感兴趣吗？如果你还有兴趣，也许你会成为随太空船围绕地球运行、进行太空漫步或者造访火星的其中一员。我们在太空再会！