被动语态（下） 什么情况下用被动语态
时间：2018-12-27 03:36:59 来源：柠檬阅读网 本文已影响 人 
五、主动形式表示被动意义 英语中，有些动词主动形式却表示被动意义。这类动词虽然不多，但很容易造成翻译和理解上的错误。现归纳为以下七种情况。 (1)作表语用的形容词，如easy，difficult，hard，nice，possible，impossible等后面作状语的不定式，其主动形式表示被动意义。例如：
I think English is easy to learn．
我认为英语很容易学。
The maths problem is not difficult to work out.
这道数学题不难解。
(2)当不定式作定语，又与所修饰的名词或代词构成动宾关系时，其主动形式表示被动意义。例如：
I have a lot of work to do today.
今天我有许多工作要做。
She has some questions to ask．
她有一些问题要问。
Would you like something to eat?
你想吃点什么吗?
(3)某些表示状态特征的系动词，如sound， seem，smell，taste(尝起来)等有时也用主动形式表示被动意义。例如：
The music sounds beautiful.
这音乐听起来很优美。
The flowers smell sweet．
这些花闻起来很香。
Those apples taste good.
那些苹果很好吃。
(4)有些动词，如lock，sell，wash，read， write，open，wear，cook，burn，keep，feel等，其主动形式在一些具体场合表示被动意义。例如：
The door won"t lock．这门锁不上。
This book sells well．这本书很畅销。
Does the cloth wash well?
这布耐洗吗?
(5)too…to…结构中的不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。例如：
The box is too heavy to carry.
箱子太重提不动。
The sentence is too hard to understand.
句子太难理解。
(6)在“疑问代词what(which，whom)+不定式”结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。例如：
She"ll tell you which to choose．
她将告诉你该选哪一个。
I don"t know what to do next．
我不知道下一步该干什么。
He hasn"t decided whom to invite．
他还没决定邀请谁。
(7)某些只能用作不及物动词的动词或短语，如happen，takeplace(发生)等，其主动形式表示被动意义。例如：
The accident happened two hours ago.
事故发生在两小时以前。
Great changes have taken place in my hometown.
我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。
一、将下列句子变为被动语态
1. They will build a road here.
2. My father is mending my bike now.
3. What did you say at the meeting?
4. We must finish our homework first.
5. Shall we water the flowers?
6. People often see her read in the open air.
7. My mother bought me a new pair of shoes.
8. Did he break the window?
9. We should take good care of the trees.
10.The children don"t play basketball well.
11. We are making paper flowers.
12. Miss Li teaches us maths well.
13. We produced the car in China.
14. Have you posted your cards yet?
15. They saw many birds fly away.
16. Will the teachers take us to the car factory?
17. We had done it before you came back.
18. Have you finish writing the book yet?
19. You can look after your sister this afternoon.
20. They were watching a TV play when I came home.
二、单项选译
1、 Thousands of trees_______every day.
Aare cut down
B are being cut down
Chave been cut down
D had been cut down
2. Football_______in most middle schools in many countries.
A playB plays
C is playing D is played
3.He_______a warm welcome at the station.
A was given B gave
C was givingD has given
4. The room_______again tomorrow afternoon.
A will be cleanedB will clean
C is cleaned D cleans
5.All the answers_______already.
A have been found out
B have found out
C are found out
D were found out
6. A dinosaur show_______at the museum next week.
A are to be heldB is to be held
C are holding D will hold
7. The Great Wall_______all over the world.
A are knownB is known
C will be knownD knows
8.The bird_______fly away yesterday.
A let toB is let to
C was letD was let to
9.Water_______into ice under 0℃.
A will changeB can be changed
C should change D must be changed
10.A strange sound_______last night.
A was heardB hears
Cheard D is heard
11. A black car_______him by his uncle.
A sent toB will send to
C was sent to D will be sent for
12. My shoes_______. I want a new pair.
Ais worn outB wore out
Cwere worn off D were worn out
13. Many new houses_______for teachers since last year.
Aare building B built
Chave builtD have been built
14. The river smells terrible. People must_______dirty things into it.
Abe stopped throw
Bbe stopped from throwing
Cstop to throw
D stop from throwing
15. The medicine_______cool, clean and dry.
Amust keepB must be kept
Cmust be carriedD must be in
16. The lost boy_______this early morning.
A found B was founded
C was foundD had found
17. These flowers_______sweet.
A is smelling B smelt
C is smelt D smells
18. Rice mustat the right time.
A be harvested B harvests
C be harvestingD been harvested
19.The room on the bus .
A is tookBhas been taken
Care takenD taken
20.Can such a thing______from happening again?
AstopBbe stopped
CstoppedD be able to stop
三、使用被动语态翻译下列句子。
1．我们希望你尽快完成那项工作。
2．我们已在会议上讨论了那个重大问题。
3．学生们经常在课上做那样的练习题。
4．明年他们将在这条河上建一座新大桥。
5．你的家庭作业做完了吗?
6．这家工厂制作这种自行车。
7．上课之前我们必须交上数学练习本。
8．我们把这个房间当作会议室使用。
9．明天他们会完成植树吗?
10．你可以早一点做完它。
11．我看见她从学校出来了。
12．她给了我一件生日礼物。
13．我们还没有担完水。
14．你能在两小时之内干完活吗?
15．我从没听他说过关于这件事。
一、
1. A road will be built by them here.
2.My bike is being mended by my father now.
3. What was said by you at the meeting?
4.Our homework must be finished first.
5. Will the flowers be watered by us？
6. She is often seen to read in the open air.
7.A new pair of shoes were bought for me by my mother.
或 I was bought a new pair of shoes by my mother.
8. Was the window broken by him?
9. The trees should be taken good care of.
10.Basketballisn"tplayed wellbythe children.
11. Paper flowers are being made by us.
12. We are taught maths well by Miss Li.
或Maths is taught well for us by Miss Li.
13. The car was produced in China by us.
14. Have your cards been posted yet?
15.Many birds were seen to fly away.
16. Shall we be taken to the car factory by the teachers?
17. It had been done by us before you came back.
18. Has the book been finished writing yet?
19. Your sister can be looked after by you this afternoon.
20. A TV play was being watched by them when I came home.
二、
1-5: ADAAA 6-10: BBDBA
11-15: CDDBB 16-20: CBABB
三、
1.You are expected to finish the work soon by us.
2. The important problem has been discussed by us at the meeting.
3.The exercises like that are often done by the students in class.
4.A new bridge will be built over the river by them next year.
5.Has your homework been done yet?
6.This kind of bikes is made by the factory.
7.The maths exercise books must be handed in before class.
8. The room is used as a meeting-room by us.
9.Can the trees be finished planting by them tomorro?
10.It may be done a little earlier by you.
11.She was seen to go out from the school by me.
12.A birthday present was given to me by her.
13.Water hasn"t been finished carrying by us.
14.Can the work be finished in two hours?
15.The matter has never been said to me by him.
