对待任务 如何对待中考中的“任务性阅读”题
时间：2019-02-02 03:21:52 来源：柠檬阅读网 本文已影响 人 
近年来，“任务性阅读”题在各地中考试题中出现的频率越来越高，其所占的分值也相应地增加。不少同学对“任务性阅读”这一题型感到头痛，丢分很多，让我们一起来寻找它们的解决之道吧！
各地试卷中对于“任务性阅读”题的表述和要求也不尽相同。常见的“任务性阅读”题大体可分为以下四种类型。
一、问答型
问答型，即根据所提供的文章，回答相关的问题。常见的问题有：
1. What is the main idea of this passage? / What does the passage talk about?
2. What can we learn from the sentence?
3. What is the best title of this article?
4. What is the main purpose of this story?
对策：做这类题目时，同学们应先看清问题，带着问题通读全文，尽可能用原文中的语言来回答问题，避免一些不必要的错误。能简答时尽量简答，但一定要抓住关键词。
二、翻译型
翻译型，即根据短文，翻译文中一些重要的单词、短语或者语句、语段。常见的题型是：汉译英、英译汉、英译英等。同学们要懂得下面的要求：
1. Put the sentence “...” into Chinese.
2. What does “...” mean in English/ Chinese?
3. What does the underlined word “...” mean?
对策：在做这类题型时，同学们一定要注意上下文中的隐含条件；还要从所考查的单词入手，看能否从中找到熟悉的词根，结合自己原有的知识和经验，尝试翻译。
三、填词型
这类题还可以细分为以下四种形式：
A. 根据信息，填写表格。例如：哈尔滨市2007年初中升学考试题中的阅读表达题，让考生根据短文内容，填写表格。
★ 阅读短文，根据短文内容完成表格，每空一词：
Deng Xiaoping was born in Sichuan Province on August 22, 1904. His family was very poor. When he was sixteen, he went to France to study.
In 1924, he became a Party member and this gave him a new start in his life. Later, he became a main head of the Chinese Party. When he became old, he came up with a great idea――Reform（改革）and Open to the World. From then on, our country changed a lot. On how to solve the Hong Kong problem, he gave a good idea――One Country with Two Systems（体制）.
People all over the world will remember him for ever.
B. 根据首字母填词。提供了单词的首字母，让考生通过上下文内容完成单词。
C. 选择后填空。提供一段阅读材料和数个相关的选项，让考生选择正确的选项填空，使短文通顺、内容完整。
D. 直接填词。
对策：做这类题时，首先要根据一些语法、固定搭配、习惯用法等来填写，最关键的是检验，对所填的单词反复推敲，最终确定最佳的答案。
四、排序型
常见的排序题有以下三种类型：
A．把错乱的单词排成正确的语序；
B．阅读短文，按照事件发生的先后顺序排序；
C．阅读语段，组成一篇连贯的短文。
以2007年福州市高级中等学校招生考试试卷的第二部分为例：
★ 阅读下列语段，把它们组成一篇连贯的短文：
(A) A fire-engine will arrive quickly. The firemen know what to do. They have long ladders to reach high windows.
(B) If you want to be a fireman, you must be strong and healthy. A fireman has to be able to carry heavy things. He has to be able to climb ladders and to work in high places. So he also has to be brave.
(C) They try their best to rescue the people who can’t get out. If some people are hurt, they are taken to hospital in ambulances.
(D) When a fire begins, we must tell the fireman. Do you know how to do this?
(E) After all the people have been rescued, the firemen put out the fire. Sometimes this is very difficult because some people keep things in passages and on stairs. Then the firemen can’t get past to fight the fire.
(F) Go to the nearest telephone and dial the number 119. When someone speaks, tell him about the fire. Speak slowly and clearly.
对策：做该类题时，一定要注意上下文之间的逻辑关系，先确定首尾顺序，再理顺中间部分，才能准确地判断出该题的顺序。
同学们，通过上面的题型分类和指导方法的具体分析，你们掌握解题技巧了吗？让我们一起来参加实战演习吧！
★ 阅读下面短文，根据所给的语境按要求完成下列各题：
When you feel sad, tears will roll down your cheeks. When you are happy, especially when you laugh very hard, tears also will roll down your face. But tears have a more important job than showing how you feel.
Tears keep your eyes clean and healthy. They washed away dirt and germs and other things that get in your eyes. Your eyes also need tears to keep them wet. （13） Your eyes must be wetthey can move smoothly. Your eyes are busy looking here and there all day long. They move quickly from one thing to another. If you do not have tears, your eyes could not move, and soon you would be blind.
But where do these tears come from?
Under each eyelid are tiny sacs（囊，液囊） called tear glands. That is where tears are made. Every time you blink your eyes, some tears are pushed out of these glands. The tears wash over your eyes and soothe（滋润）them.
When you are not laughing or crying your tears away, where do they go? （14） They go away through small holes in your lower eyelid. Some of these holes lead into your nose. Many times when you cry, the tears drip down through your nose, and it starts to run. The drops that fall from your nose are your tears.
Maybe you don’t like baths, but your eyes can’t do without them.
11. What is the importance of tears?
________________________________________
12. Where do tears come from?
________________________________________
13. 根据上下文意思，在下句中填入合适的连接词使句子完整。
Your eyes must be wet ______ they can move smoothly.
14. 将文中划线部分的句子翻译成汉语。
________________________________________
15.当有灰尘或者风太大时，你的眼里也许会有泪。
（在该句的英语翻译中填入合适的单词，使句子意思完整、正确。）
You ______ get tears in your eyes when it is _______.
Keys：1. head2. Province3. joined4. Open5. problem6～10 FACEB11. Tears keep your eyes clean and healthy.12. They come from tear glands.13. so that14. 它们(眼泪)从你下眼皮的小孔中流走。15.省略
