【青少年安全冲浪小贴士】校园用电安全小贴士

　　随着网络的普及和发展,我们能在网上做的事情越来越多,从过去只能查找资料到现在可以与地球另一端的人随意沟通,联机玩游戏,获悉即时资讯,还能买到任何我们能想到的东西。但是也正因为网络的便利性和虚拟化,用户的安全意识似乎越来越薄弱了,一不小心就会透露个人信息,让坏人有机可乘。在网上冲浪的时候,我们该怎么保护自己呢?CE: Teens在2009年3月号的“花季故事”里讲述了几名少年的经历,以下为大家带来更多安全上网tips――
　　
　　How could we live without the Internet? That’s how most of us keep in touch with friends, find
　　homework support, research a cool place to visit, or find out the latest news.
　　But besides the millions of sites to visit and things to do, the Internet offers lots of ways to waste time � and even get into trouble. And just as in the non-cyber world, some people you encounter online might try to take advantage of you � financially or physically.
　　You’ve probably heard stories about people who get into trouble in chat rooms. Because users can easily
　　remain anonymous[匿名的], chat rooms often attract people who are interested in more than just chatting.
　　They’ll sometimes ask visitors for information about themselves, their families, or where they live �
　　information that shouldn’t be given away.
　　Usually, the people who request personal
　　information like home addresses, phone numbers, and email addresses use this information to fill mailboxes and answering machines with advertisements. In some cases, though, predators[掠夺者] may use this information to begin illegal or indecent[不道德的] relationships or to harm a person’s or family’s well-being[幸福].
　　Of course, the Internet is home to millions of places you can and should visit. Like an infinite[无穷的] library, the web can take you to the ends of the Earth with the information it contains.
　　You can use it to do research for school, find out what movie is playing near you (and whether people like it), check out a college you’re thinking about, or find a job or volunteer opportunity. Almost anything you can think of has a website (or a thousand of them) about it. And it’s not just websites � blogs, videos, and
　　downloadable games await to connect you with other user and players.
　　The key is to protect yourself while online.
　　
　　Smart Surfing
　　First rule of smart surfing? Remain as anonymous as possible. That means keeping all private information private. Here are some examples of private information that you should never give out on the Internet:
　　● full name
　　● home address
　　● phone number
　　● Social Security number (or ID number)
　　● passwords
　　● names of family members
　　● credit card numbers
　　Most credible[可靠的] people and companies will never ask for this type of information online. So if
　　someone does, it’s a red flag[危险信号] that they may be up to no good[不怀好意].
　　Think carefully before you create an email address or screen name[网名]. Web experts recommend that you use a combination of letters and numbers in both � and that you don’t identify whether you’re male or female.
　　In chat rooms, use a nickname that’s different from your screen name. That way, if you ever find yourself in a conversation that makes you
　　uncomfortable, you can exit without having to worry that someone knows your screen name and can track you down via email. Some people who hang out with their friends online set up private chat rooms where only they and the people they invite can enter to chat.
　　Experts recommend that people keep online friendships in the virtual world. Meeting online friends face to face carries more risks than other types of friendships, because it’s so easy for people to pretend to be something they’re not when you can’t see them or talk in person.
　　If you ever get involved in a chat room conversation that makes you feel uncomfortable or in danger for any reason, exit and tell a parent or other adult right away so they can
　　report the incident.
　　
　　Cyberbullying注1
　　It’s not just strangers who can make you feel
　　uncomfortable online. Cyberbullying refers to cruel or
　　bullying messages sent to you online. These might be from former friends or other people you know. They can be
　　irritating[使愤怒的] and, in some cases, even frightening.
　　If you get these bullying messages online, it’s often
　　better to ignore them rather than answer them. Cyberbullies, just like other bullies, may be angry or disturbed[心理失常的] people � and may be looking for attention or a reaction.
　　Fortunately, most people never experience cyberbullying. But if you’re getting cyberbullied and ignoring it doesn’t make it go away, getting help from a parent, school
　　counselor, or another trusted adult may be a good idea. That’s especially true if the cyberbullying contains
　　threats.
　　
　　Online Annoyances[使人烦恼的事]
　　Although email is relatively private, hackers can still access it � or add you to their spam注2 lists. Spam, like advertisements or harassing[骚扰] or offensive notes, is annoying. But spam blockers can keep your mailbox from getting clogged[阻塞]. Many service providers will help you block out or screen inappropriate emails if your parents agree to set up age-appropriate parental controls注3.
　　If you don’t recognize the sender of a document or file that needs to be downloaded, delete it without opening it to avoid getting a virus on your machine. Virus protection software is a must for every computer. You can also buy software that helps rid your computer of unwanted spyware programs that report what your computer is doing. Some service providers make software available to protect you from these and other online annoyances, such as blockers for those in-your-face[(口)胆大妄为的] pop-up ads.
　　If you do invest in protective software, you’ll need to keep it updated to be sure it continues to do its job as new technologies evolve.
　　With all the problems you can face online, is it worth it? For most people, the answer is definitely yes. You just need to know where the pitfalls[缺陷] are, use some
　　common sense and caution, and you’ll be in control.
　　
　　没有了因特网,我们该如何生活呢?它是我们大多数人的生活方式――与朋友保持联系、查找功课资料、研究休闲好去处或是获得最新资讯。
　　然而,除了可供浏览的数百万个网站和无数可做的事情,因特网同时提供了很多浪费时间的方法――甚至让你惹上麻烦。就像计算机以外的世界一样,你在网络上遇到的某些人可能会在经济上或者身体上占你
　　便宜。
　　或许你已经听说过一些人们在聊天室里惹祸上身的事情。因为用户很容易保持匿名操作,聊天室常常会吸引一些并不仅仅对聊天有兴趣的人。他们有时会询问访问者的个人、家庭或者居住信息――这些都是不应该泄露的内容。
　　这些人通常询问如家庭住址、电话号码和电子邮箱等个人信息,以便利用这些信息以广告填满对方的信箱和电话答录机。然而有些时候,掠夺者可能会利用这些信息进行不法勾当或者不道德的事情,甚至破坏某人或其家庭的幸福。
　　当然,因特网也有数百万个地方是你能并且应该访问的。互联网就像一个无穷无尽的图书馆,通过其包含的信息,它能够带你从地球的一头走到另一头。
　　你可以使用因特网研究学校的功课,找出你所在的地方附近有什么电影上映(也能知道人们对它评价如何),查看你想考取的大学的资料,找一份工作或者当志愿者。几乎你能想到的东西都拥有一个关于它的网站(甚至上千个),而且并不只限于网站――博客、视频和可下载的游戏正等着为你和其他用户、玩家穿针引线呢。
　　最关键的是,你在冲浪的同时要好好保护自己。
　　
　　做个精明冲浪者
　　精明冲浪的第一条法则?尽可能保持匿名操作。这意味着保持所有私人资料不外泄。以下是一些例子,永远都不要在因特网上透露这些私人资料:
　　● 你的全名
　　● 家庭住址
　　● 电话号码
　　● 社会保险号码(或身份证号码)
　　● 密码
　　● 家庭成员的名字
　　● 信用卡号码
　　大多数可靠的人和公司从来不会要求人们在网上提供这类信息。所以,如果有人这么做,这就是危险信号,提醒你他们可能不怀好意。
　　在创建一个电子邮箱或者网名之前仔细想一想。互联网专家建议使用字母和数字二者组合的网名――也不要透露你的性别。
　　在聊天室聊天时,使用与你的网名不一样的昵称。这样,如果在聊天中感到不安,你就能退出聊天,而无需担心别人知道你的网名从而通过电子邮件追踪到你。有些在网上与朋友聊天的人会创建私人聊天室,只有他们或受邀者才能进入聊天。
　　专家建议,网络友谊应限制于虚拟世界。与网友见面比其他类型的友谊更具风险,因为当你无法看到对方或面对面谈话时,人们更容易进行伪装。
　　如果在聊天室聊天时你感觉到不安或产生了莫名的危险感,要退出谈话,立即告诉父母或者其他大人,以便他们及时举报
　　案件。
　　
　　对抗网络欺凌行为
　　会给你带来不安的并不只是陌生人。网络欺凌指的是在网上给你发送恶意或者欺凌信息。这些信息有可能来自以前的朋友或者其他你认识的人。它们有时让人气愤不已,有时甚至让人产生恐惧。
　　如果你在网上收到这些欺凌信息,最好的做法是忽略它们,而不是给予回复。网霸和其他恶霸一样,可能是怒气冲天或者心理失常的人――也许他们在等待别人的注意和回应。
　　幸运的是,大多数人从未遭受网络欺凌。但是如果你受到网络欺凌,而且忽视不理也不能将它赶走的话,从家长、学校辅导员或者其他值得信任的大人那里寻求帮助是一个好办法,特别是当网络欺凌包含威胁意味时(更应如此)。
　　
　　避开在线滋扰
　　虽然电子邮件相对私密,但是电脑黑客依然有办法获取你的邮件――或是将你添加到他们的垃圾邮件名单中。广告、骚扰或者攻击短信等垃圾邮件非常烦人,不过垃圾邮件拦截工具能保证你的邮箱畅通无阻。如果你的父母同意安装适龄的父母管理软件,很多服务供应商能够帮助你过滤掉不良电子
　　邮件。
　　如果你无法辨认一个需要下载的文档或文件是谁发来的,直接删除不要打开,以免电脑中毒。每一台电脑都必须安装杀毒软件。你也可以购买软件来清除电脑上不必要的间谍软件程序,这种程序会将电脑的状况发送出去。一些服务供应商也会提供一些软件,比如针对那些肆意弹出的广告的拦截工具,帮你避开以上这些以及其他在线滋扰。
　　假如你确实购买了防护软件,你就得持续更新,确保在新科技不断发展的今天它仍能继续工作。
　　鉴于上网时你所面对的这些问题,上网冲浪真的值得吗?对于大多数人来说,答案绝对是肯定的。你只需要知道个中缺陷在哪里,好好运用常识,谨慎行事,一切便尽在掌握中。
　　
　　注1:网络欺凌,是指通过电子邮件、即时对话、站点、博客留言以及手机等电子方式,向收件人进行恐吓、嘲笑或张贴丑态照片、影片等行为欺负别人。
　　注2:指兜售信息(如邮件,广告,新闻,文章)、非索要信息,与垃圾邮件(junk mail)同义。
　　注3:“父母管理”常用于数字电视、手机、电脑等设备,让父母可以通过自动化工具在孩子使用设备或服务时设定限制,提供保护。保护的内容可能包括:在孩子离开学校时提醒父母,将孩子的驾驶速度限制在某一范围,孩子上网时为其控制浏览内容以及限制孩子使用设备的时间等。