无名的一代_无名代刷网

　　 　　Every generation has its common characteristics that distinguish it from those that came before it. The post-WWII generation in North America and Europe married young, were successful in work and had large families. Consequently, they were known as the Baby Boomers. What about the generation that came after the Baby Boomers? Those born in the 1960s and 1970s are a very different bunch. Their apparent apathy towards everything makes them harder to define than previous generations. There is a name, however, for "the generation that has no name"; Generation X.
　　The actual dates for Generation X are debatable. Some say that everyone born between 1960 and 1980 are Generation Xers. Others put the date at 1965 to 1979. This Generation grew up in the West during a transition period between the fall of colonialism and the rise of globalisation. Their lives were shaped by events such as the oil crisis of 1973, the dramatic changes in gender roles of the 1970"s, the increasing role of the US in global affairs and the ending of the Cold War.
　　
　　Due to their tendency to marry late and have fewer children, this generation is sometimes referred to as the Baby Busters. The term "Generation X" was coined by a study of teenagers in 1960"s Britain and did not actually refer to the generation it is used to describe now. The study was originally intended for a woman"s magazine but was found to be unsuitable and was printed in the form of a book called Generation X instead. It was then used to describe those born in the sixties and seventies after a book, titled Generation X: Tales for an Accelerated Culture, was published in 1991. The author of the book, Douglas Copeland, claims that he took the term from a study of American class strata. The study pinpointed a certain class of Americans who wanted to "hop off the merry-go-round of status, money and social climbing that so often frames modern existence". Copeland felt that this perfectly described Generation Xers.
　　
　　In his novel, he portrays the lives of three young people who are typical Gen-Xers. Stuck in dead-end meaningless jobs and surrounded by rampant commercialism the three characters lead a bleak life. Their only hope is to go on a journey of rediscovery and try to find a way to live without the trappings of modern society.
　　On an American chat show, David Schwimmer, one of the four stars of the hit sit-com, Friends said he hated the term "Generation X". It is true that Gen-Xers are often deemed to be shiftless drop outs who have a cynical attitude towards life. They feel like they are living in the shadow of their parents" achievements. They reject the idealism of the 1960"s but offer no alternative political outlook for the world. They grew up in a highly materialistic world in which the traditional values and morals of the past had been rejected. Their response was to "turn on, tune in and drop out". Another factor which moulded this generation was the changing structures of the family. Despite living in an era of wide scale divorce, images of the perfect nuclear family in the media bombarded the Gen Xers, causing them to feel isolated and inadequate.
　　
　　The Gen Xers are often referred to as slackers. Slackers are people who fare poorly at school or work and display no ambition whatsoever. They are overeducated, alienated and underachievers. The impact of Generation X on popular culture in the West became recognizable in the 1980s and 1990s. In North America it was exemplified by the popularity of Grunge music bands like Nirvana. This music expresses the frustrations of a generation who have lost their sense of direction. It also displays a cynical attitude towards the values of the last generations. In Europe, it was electronic music, such as Acid House and Rave, which represented Generation X. The Rave scene reflected an urbanized youth that chose to live a hedonistic life as a means of escaping the drudgery of the 9 to 5. The close association of this music and drugs earned considerable notoriety.
　　
　　The image of Gen-Xers as social drop outs has been exaggerated by the media and is not all that fair. If they rebelled against the idealism of their parents, it is because that idealism gave way to a society unequivocally focused on commercial and industrial progress. Gen-Xers recognize the inaccuracy of the ideological labels used by their parents" generation and see social class and cultural backgrounds as being more influential. They are not necessarily cynical but are certainly pragmatic.
　　
　　They work as hard as their parents did but prefer free agency to loyal corporatism. They are far more likely to take risks in regard to their careers. While past generations aimed to land secure jobs that enabled them to amass material comforts, Gen-Xers tend to look for jobs that allow them to develop their personal talents.省略 boom.
　　What"s next? The term Generation Y has already been coined to describe those born in the 1980"s. Unlike the Gen-Xers, who grew up in a time of transition, Generation Y were born into a world dominated by technology; a world in which face-to-face communication is secondary. What this generation will be like, however, remains to be seen.
　　
　　每一代人都有其区别于前代人的共性特征。在第二次世界大战后出生于北美和欧洲的那代人都早早结了婚，事业腾达，多子多女。因此，他们被称为“生育高峰代”。“生育高峰代”之后的那一代又如何呢？那些在20世纪60和70年代出生的人是非常不同的一群人。与前代人相比，他们对一切事物所表现出来的冷漠使得难于对他们进行界定。然而，“无名的一代”也拥有一个称号――“X世代”。
　　
　　
　　在“X世代”的实际年限上存在争议。一些人说，所有在1960和1980年间出生的人都是“X世代人”。而其他人则将年限定在1965到1979年之间。这一代人是在西方殖民主义分崩离析、全球化走向兴盛的过渡期中成长起来的。他们的生活受到了一些事件的影响，如1973年的石油危机、20世纪70时代两性角色的剧变、美国在全球事务中的作用不断扩大，以及“冷战”的结束。
　　由于他们倾向于晚婚少育，所以这一代人有时就被称为“生育完结者”。“X世代”这个词是在20世纪60年代对英国青少年进行调查时杜撰出来的，实际上并不是指它现在所形容的这一代人。这项调查原本是为了一本女性杂志而进行的，但被发觉并不合适，便转而印刷成书，名曰《X世代》。在《X世代：加速文化的故事》一书于1991年出版后，这个词随后就被用于形容那些在60和70年代出生的人了。该书的作者道格拉斯・柯普兰声称，这个词他取自一项关于美国阶层的调查。这项调查界定了美国的某个阶级，这个阶级的人想要“跳离那个时常为现代生活设置条条框框，由地位、金钱和社会钻营组成的旋转木马”。柯普兰觉得这句话是对“X世代人”的最佳注解。
　　
　　在他的小说中，他描写了三个年轻人的生活，他们都是典型的“X世代人”。这三个角色摆脱不了没有出路、毫无意义的工作，被泛滥的重商主义所包围，过着凄凉的生活。他们唯一的希望就是踏上再次探索的征途，试图寻觅一种没有现代社会花哨事物的生活方式。
　　在一个美国谈话节目中，身为热门情景喜剧《老友记》四明星之一的大卫・修蒙说，他讨厌“X世代”这个词。“X世代人”的确常被视为对生活怀有愤世嫉俗态度的无能避世者。他们觉得他们生活在其父母成就的阴影之下。他们拒绝接受20世纪60年代的理想主义，但又不能提出另一种全球政治观。他们成长在一个高度物质化的世界，在这个世界中过去的传统价值观和道德观已被抛弃。而他们的反应就是“打开、微调、不思不想”。造就这一代人的另一个因素就是正在发生变革的家庭结构。尽管是生活在一个高离婚率的时代，但媒体上那些完美核心家庭的形象冲击着“X世代人”，使他们感觉受到了孤立、自叹不如。
　　
　　“X世代人”经常被称为懒鬼。懒鬼是指那些在学校或工作中表现不佳且毫无雄心可言的人。他们接触的知识过多、被疏远，是业绩平平之辈。在西方，“X世代人”对于流行文化的影响在20世纪80和90年代得到了认同。在北美，“涅磐”等“垃圾乐”乐队的火爆就证明了这一点。这类音乐抒发了失去方向感的一代人的沮丧情绪。它还对前代人的价值观表现出一种愤世嫉俗的态度。在欧洲，代表“X世代”的就是“迷幻屋”和“锐舞”之类的电子乐。都市化的青年选择逍遥度日以此来逃避朝九晚五的乏闷，而“锐舞”文化就是他们的写照。这类音乐与毒品间的密切联系招致了不小的恶名。
　　“X世代人”的社会逃避者形象已被媒体夸大了，而且也不是完全公正的。如果他们反抗其父母的理想主义，那是因为理想主义让路于一个明确以发展工商业为重点的社会。“X世代人”认识到他们父母那代人使用的意识形态划分方式是错误的，认为社会阶级和文化背景更具影响力。他们未必就是愤世嫉俗的，但肯定是务实的。
　　
　　他们像他们的父母一样勤恳工作，但是更喜欢行动自由而不是对公司从一而终。他们极有可能在其职业生涯中铤而走险。前代人以获得能使他们积累物质财富的可靠工作为目标，而“X世代人”往往会寻找那些可以让其拓展个人才能的工作。而且，新型企业家的产生和随之出现的“网络公司”潮被认为是拜其所赐。
　　下一代是什么？形容20世纪80年代生人的“Y世代”一词已经被杜撰出来了。与成长于过渡期的“X世代人”不同，“Y世代”出生在一个以科技为主宰的世界、一个面对面的交流位居其次的世界。然而，这代人又当如何，尚待观察。
　　
　　bunch /b7C/ n.一群；一帮
　　apathy /`2p9Fi/ n.冷漠
　　transition /tr2n`ziE9n/ n.过渡
　　colonialism /k9`l9unj9liz9m/ n.殖民主义
　　globalisation /,Gl9ub9lai`zeiH9n/ n.全球化
　　
　　shape /Heip/ vt.影响；决定
　　gender /`_end9/ n.性别
　　coin /k4in/ vt.杜撰
　　pinpoint /`pin,p4int/ v.确定；确认
　　merry-go-round n.旋转木马
　　rampant /`r2mp9nt/ adj.猖獗的；蔓生的
　　bleak /bl1k/ adj.凄凉的
　　trappings /`tr2piMz/ n.外部装饰
　　shiftless /`Hiftlis/ adj.无能的
　　drop out 退出世俗的人
　　cynical /`sinik9l/ adj.愤世嫉俗的
　　idealism /ai`di9lizm/ n.理想主义
　　mould /m9uld/ v.铸造
　　bombard /`b4mb3d/ vt.轰击；炮轰
　　slacker /`sl2k9(r)/ n.懒鬼
　　
　　fare /f^/ vi.进展
　　alienated /`eilj9neitid/ v.疏远
　　underachiever /`7nd9 9`tH1v9/ n.成绩不良的人（尤指学生）
　　exemplify /iG`zemplifai/ vt.例证
　　hedonistic /`h1d9nistik/ adj.快乐主义的
　　drudgery /`dr7_9ri/ n.单调乏味的工作
　　notoriety /,n.t9`rai9ti/ n.恶名；丑名
　　unequivocally /`7ni`kwiv9k9li/ adv.不含糊地
　　ideological /,aidi9`l4_ik9l/ adj.意识形态的
　　pragmatic /pr2G`m2tik/ adj.注重实效的
　　free agency 行动自由；自由意志
　　corporatism /,k5p9r9tiz9m/ n.社团主义
　　amass /9`m2s/ vt.收集；积聚
　　
　　The following are some typical Generation X movies:
　　以下是一些经典的“X世代”电影：
　　
　　01. Sex, Lies and Videotapes 《性、谎言和录象带》
　　02. Pulp Fiction《低俗小说》
　　03. Four Weddings and a Funeral 《四个婚礼和一个葬礼》
　　04. Trainspotting 《猜火车》
　　05. Run Lola Run 《罗拉快跑》
　　06. The Big Lebowski《大人物拉伯斯基》
　　07. American Beauty 《美国丽人》
　　08. Fight Club 《格斗俱乐部》
　　09. The Matrix《骇客帝国》
　　10. Being John Malkovich 《傀儡人生》