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    【“动词+宾语+不定式”用法说明】 动词不定式作宾语用法

    时间:2019-02-23 03:27:38 来源:柠檬阅读网 本文已影响 柠檬阅读网手机站

      “动词+宾语+不定式”是英语中很有用的结构,高考经常有所涉及,请看下面一道真题:   You’ve failed to do what you to and I’m afraid the teacher will blame you. (2010年四川卷)
      A. will expect B. will be expected
      C. expected D. were expected
      此题答案为D。考查expect sb to do sth(期待某人做某事)结构。由于句中的you与expect为被动关系,应用被动语态,故可排除A和C;再根据句子的语境和句子本身的时态可知,空格处不能用一般将来时――因为在通常情况下,“没有做将来要做的事”是不会受惩罚的,只有“没有做过去安排好要做的事”才会受惩罚。
      对于“动词+宾语+不定式”这一结构,同学们在学习时应重点弄清以下几点:
      
      一、最常用的34个动词
      
      英语中可用于“动词+宾语+不定式”结构的动词不多,比较常见的有以下34个:advise, allow, ask, bear, beg, cause, command, desire, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, hate, help, intend, invite, leave, like, mean, need, oblige, order, permit, persuade, prefer, request, remind, teach, tell, trouble, want, warn, wish。如:
      He advised me to buy a computer. 他建议我买台电脑。
      My parents don’t allow me to go out at night. 我父母不允许我晚上出去。
      Ask John to mail these letters tomorrow. 叫约翰明天把这几封信寄了。
      She can’t bear me to be unhappy. 她不忍心看我不快活。
      I begged him to stay a little longer. 我求他再多待一会儿。
      The cold weather caused the plants to die. 天气寒冷冻死了植物。
      The policeman commanded him to stop. 警察命令他停下。
      We desire you to come at once. 我们希望你立即来。
      He encouraged her to study abroad. 他鼓励她出国留学。
      We expected him to arrive yesterday. 我们原本认为他昨天会到的。
      I forbid him to go there again. 我不准他再去那儿。
      My budget forced me to buy a used VCR. 我的钱紧,迫使我买了一台旧录像机。
      You must get them to come over here. 你必须想法让他们到这儿来。
      They invited her to go for a walk. 他们请她一起去散步。
      We persuaded him to come with us. 我们劝说好他和我们一道去。
      Their parents prefer them to be home early. 他们的父母希望他们早点回家。
      The sight of the clock reminded me to leave at once. 一看钟使我想起我得马上走了。
      I warned him to be careful. 我告诫他要小心。
      
      二、主动与被动情形不一样
      
      按英语习惯,将“宾语+不定式”用于think,estimate,presume等动词后是极少见的。这种表达方法常用that从句来代替。如:
      I think that he is the best actor. 我认为他是最好的演员。
      She estimated that the work would take three months. 她估计这项工作需要三个月。
      一般不说:
      I think him to be the best actor.
      She estimated the work to take three months.
      但是,如果这些动词以被动形式出现,则完全可以接“宾语+不定式”。如:
      He is thought to be the best player. 他被认为是最佳运动员。
      The project is estimated to have cost $30 million. 这项工程估计花费了三千万美元。
      The temple is presumed to date from the first century BC. 这座寺院估计可以追溯到公元前1世纪。
      
      三、受汉语思维影响用错
      
      汉语中可以说“希望某人做某事”“原谅某人做某事”“拒绝某人做某事”等,但是,在英语中却通常不能说hope sb to do sth,excuse sb to do sth,refuse sb to do sth等。如:
      我希望你在中国逗留期间生活愉快。
      误:I hope you to have a pleasant stay in China.
      正:I hope that you have a pleasant stay in China.
      请原谅我打断你的话。
      误:Excuse me to interrupt you.
      正:Excuse me for interrupting you.
      正:Excuse my interrupting you.
      他拒绝我用他的电话。
      误:He refused me to use his phone.
      正:He refused to let me use his phone.
      他建议我立即提出申请。
      误:He suggested me to apply at once.
      正:He advised me to apply at once.
      正:He suggested that I should apply at once.
      (编辑 陈根花)

    相关热词搜索: 不定式 宾语 动词 用法

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