【过去完成时用法“全解码”】过去完成时态的用法
时间：2019-01-30 03:36:53 来源：柠檬阅读网 本文已影响 人 
过去完成时是牛津英语教材九年级中的一个语法重点,也是阶段性测试的常见考点之一。笔者在教学实践中发现,如掌握了该语法点的四个重要方面,就可以达到巧学该时态的“神效”。 一、掌握过去完成时的确切含义
过去完成时由“助动词(had)+过去分词”构成,表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。如下图所示:
二、 掌握过去完成时的常见考查方式
仔细研读有关过去完成时的试题可以发现,其常见的命题手法主要有三种:典型时间状语型、时间状语从句型和语境型。
1.典型时间状语型
◆主语+过去完成时+by短语。
[经典例题]Wefour thousand new words by the end of last year.
A. had learnedB. have learnedC. learnedD. will have learned
[简析]根据by短语中的last year得知,正确选项为A。
◆主语+过去完成时+by the time引导的从句(从句谓语动词为过去式)。例如:
He had already built his own lab by the time he was ten.
到十岁时,他已经建起了自己的实验室。
2.时间状语从句型
◆主语+过去完成时+when引导的从句(从句谓语动词为过去式)。
[经典例题]Simon was surprised that most of the guestswhen he
at the party.
A. left; had arrivedB. left; arrived
C. had left; had arrivedD. had left; arrived
[简析]正确答案为D。guests先“离开”,Simon后“到达”。
◆主语+过去完成时+before引导的从句(从句谓语动词为过去式)。例如:
He had studied English for five years before he came here.
来这儿之前,他已经学过五年英语了。
3.语境型
◆根据上下文的时间关系来确定。
[经典例题1]The pen IIis on my desk, right under my nose.
A. think;lost B. thought;had lost
C. think;had lostD. thought;have lost
[简析]正确答案为B。 根据上下文的时间关系,可知“丢笔”是在“认为”之前发生的动作。
[经典例题2]Helenher keys in the office so she had to wait until her husbandhome.
A. has left;comes B. left;had come
C. had left;cameD. had left;would come
[简析]正确答案为C。had to wait说明事情发生在过去,而“忘带钥匙”的动作发生在“等丈夫回家”之前。
◆表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算或意图,用过去完成时。常用动词有:hope, think, expect, intend, mean, suppose, want等。例如:
They had wanted to help us but couldn’t get here in time.
他们本来是要来给我们帮忙的,但未能及时赶到。
三、掌握过去完成时与一般过去时的区别
一般过去时表示“现在”以前的某一时间内发生的动作或情况; 过去完成时则表示过去某一时间或某一动作以前发生的动作或情况。试比较:
1.上个月他们看了五部英文电影。
[误]They had seen five English films last month.
[正]They saw five English films last month.
2.到去年年底他们村建造了多少房屋?
[误]How many houses did they build in their village by the end of last year?
[正]How many houses had they built in their village by the end of last year?
[简析] last month说明动作在过去时间内完成,因此句1应当使用一般过去时;by the end of last year表示动作在过去时间以前完成,因此句2用过去完成时。
四、掌握不用过去完成时的情况
◆句中如有yesterday,last year,in 1996,three years ago等表示很确定的过去时间的状语,谓语动词必须用一般过去时。例如:
They came to China ten years ago.
他们是十年前来的中国。
◆汉语中虽然有“了”“曾”“过”等字眼表示动作完成,但没有说明动作是过去某一时间以前完成的,译成英语时要用一般过去时,不可用过去完成时。例如:
He taught English for three years.
他教过三年英语。
◆叙述在过去连续发生的两件以上的事,虽然时间有先后之别,仍用一般过去时。例如:
They decided to stay there,so they built their homes and made their farms.
他们决定留在那儿,所以他们建了自己的家,也开垦了属于自己的农田。
专项练习
单项选择,选择最佳答案。
1. ―Did you see Mr Smith when you were in France?
―No,when IFrance,heto China.
A. had arrived,had gone B. arrived to,went
C. got to,had goneD. had got to,would go
2. The studentstheir classroom when the visitors arrived.
A. have cleanedB. were clearned
C. were cleaning D. had cleaned
3. Mr Smithfifteen country by the end of last year.
A. had visited B. have visited
C. visitedD. will have visited
4. Catherine writing the letter before her mother came into her bedroom.
A. has finishedB. was finishing
C. had finishedD. is finishing
5. ―What were you doing when Simon phoned you?
―I my homework and was starting to take a shower.
A. was finishingB. have just finished
C. finishedD. had just finished
Keys: C D A C D
