[翻唱无罪，模仿有理]无罪有理
时间：2019-02-16 03:33:45 来源：柠檬阅读网 本文已影响 人 
追，追，追，我追！！ 追星之路真是辛苦！ 当年有多少人曾“深受其害”，在校园布告栏上看到一份张学友的海报，便掏光身上所有的饭钱去排队买票，结果听到的却只是校园里某个哥们儿的差劲“贴牌”演出，真是欲哭无泪！不过放眼歌坛，翻唱之风却是愈演愈烈。
本期《追星基地》，我们就带你到国外兜一圈，了解了解海外的翻唱“行情”。
A cover version is what you get when a pop musician or band records a song originally by another artist. Sometimes they record a cover as a tribute to a favourite artist, to win an audience who like to hear a familiar song, or sometimes just because they like the tune. Some covers are radically different in style or even musical genre from the original. Others are virtually indistinguishable.
Many bands, before they get a record deal, will start out playing covers. This can be important if you need to perform a full concert set but haven"t yet written many songs of your own. Successful bands will often play covers in their live gigs which they would never release on a record, being too much of a departure from what their fans might expect.
"Cover bands" are groups that only play songs by other artists - they are commonly found as entertainers in bars around the world. Some cover bands specialise in playing the music of one particular band - for example an "AC/DC cover band" would play songs by the rock group AC/DC almost exclusively.
Cover bands are not generally thought of as highly as those who write their own songs, even if their musicianship is of a very high standard. It is also worth noting that this only applies to rock and pop - genres such as classical music and jazz do not employ the concept of "covers", and it is quite acceptable to only perform previously written material. In jazz, popular songs that many people play are referred to as "standards".
翻唱版指的是你所听到的由某个流行音乐人或乐队将其他艺人的歌曲进行翻录后的作品。有时，他们录制一首翻唱曲是为了对某位所钟爱的艺人表达敬意、赢得一批喜爱聆听老歌的听众，或者在有时就只是因为他们喜欢那首歌。有些翻唱曲在风格，甚至是音乐流派上，与原作大相径庭。还有一些则几乎是面目全非。
很多乐队在签订唱片合约之前，都会以翻唱起步。若是你需要表演一整套演唱会曲目，但是却还没有许多自己的原创歌曲，那么这一方式可能就是重要的。成名乐队经常会在其现场小型演唱会中演唱那些他们绝对不会收录在唱片中的翻唱曲，因为它们与其歌迷想要的相差甚大。
“翻唱乐队”指的是那些只是演唱其他艺人的歌曲的组合――他们一般都是出现在世界各地的酒吧里，充当表演人员。有些翻唱乐队专门表演某一支乐队的音乐作品――例如，“AC/DC翻唱乐队”几乎就只唱摇滚组合“AC/DC”的歌曲。
翻唱乐队通常都不会像那些自行创作歌曲的乐队那样得到器重，即使是在其音乐造诣非常之高的情况下。还有一点值得注意的是，这种情况只出现在摇滚乐和流行乐领域――在古典音乐和爵士乐等流派中，就没有采用“翻唱”这个理念，就算只表演前人创作的作品也完全是可以得到认可的。在爵士乐领域，很多人都演奏的流行曲目被称为是“标准曲目”。
* Triumphs 成功范例
It doesn"t happen often, but sometimes a cover version equals or betters its original version. In 1968, the rock legend Jimi Hendrix released a cover version of All Along the Watchtower, a song originally recorded by the equally legendary folk-rocker Bob Dylan. Hendrix"s version has overshadowed Dylan"s own ever since. In fact, Dylan was so impressed by Hendrix"s reworking of the song that he incorporated elements of the Hendrix version into his own concert performances.
虽然不是经常发生，但有时候翻唱版与原作相比是有过之而无不及的。1968年，摇滚界传奇人物吉米・亨德里克斯发行了翻唱版的《沿着望塔》，此歌原本是由同样具有传奇色彩的民谣摇滚歌手鲍勃・迪伦录制的。而亨德里克斯的版本自那时起就盖过了迪伦自己的版本。事实上，迪伦对于亨德里克斯对这首歌的重新演绎印象非常深刻，以至于他在自己的演唱会表演中融入了亨德里克斯版中的一些元素。
* Travesties 拙劣之作
On the other hand, covers can be really, really bad - it"s one thing when a musician releases a song that isn"t very good, it"s another when they desecrate a beloved classic. One massively unpopular cover version in recent years was Madonna"s dire cover of the Don McLean song American Pie. However, despite being universally panned by critics, the song still somehow managed to enter the UK charts at No. 1 - there"s a lot to be said for star power.
另一方面，翻唱也可能是非常非常差劲的――一种情形是某个音乐人发行了一首不怎么样的歌曲，而更甚的情形则是他们亵渎了备受喜爱的经典之作。近几年中，一个极不受欢迎的翻唱版本就是麦当娜对于唐・麦克林的歌曲《美国派》的糟糕翻唱。然而，尽管受到评论家的一致诟病，但此歌仍是莫名其妙地设法登上了英国排行榜的冠军位置――明星号召力的作用是功不可没。
A bad cover can also cause anguish for fans of lesser known musicians, as their favourite band or singer"s song is tarred by the reputation of the cover in the mind of most people. Fans of the blues musician John Mayall, for example, were recently disappointed when his little-known song Crawling Up A Hill was recorded by Katie Melua in an insipid, middle of the road style.
差劲的翻唱曲同样也会给名气不大的音乐人的歌迷带来痛楚，因为他们所钟爱的乐队或歌手的歌曲在大多数人心目中的形象被翻唱曲的名声给玷污了。例如，最近当布鲁斯音乐人约翰・梅耶尔鲜为人知的歌曲《爬山》
被凯蒂・玛露以平淡中庸的风格加以翻录后，其歌迷就感到失望了。
* Tributes
A "tribute album" is a collection of cover versions of a specific artist"s songs, often with tracks recorded by several different bands. Many tribute albums are recorded as part of a charity fundraising project.
致敬专辑
“致敬专辑”是一张将特定艺人被翻唱的歌曲版本收录其中的精选集，其中的歌曲经常是由不同乐队所录制的。很多致敬专辑都是作为慈善筹款活动的一部分而被录制出来的。
* Trans-genre 跨曲风之作
A popular form of the cover song is where musicians perform a song in a different style to the original. The group Hayseed Dixie are known for performing covers of hard rock songs, by artists such as Motorhead, in the banjo-heavy style of country music known as "bluegrass". In the 1990s, the group Mike Flowers" Pops famously covered the rock song Wonderwall (by Oasis) in a 1960s lounge jazz style, causing many people to get very confused about which version was the original.
翻唱歌曲的一种流行形式是，音乐人以一种不同于原作的风格来演绎一首歌曲。“南方乡巴佬”组合就是因为使用了那种名曰“蓝草”、侧重于班卓琴演奏的乡村音乐风格来翻唱硬摇歌曲（如“摩托头乐队”等艺人的歌曲）而成名的。20世纪90年代，“迈克・弗劳尔斯与流行乐”组合曾使用20世纪60年代的那种慵懒爵士曲风来翻唱摇滚歌曲《奇妙之墙》（原唱为“绿洲乐队”），轰动一时，使得很多人对于哪个版本才是原作都非常搞不清楚。
* Most Covered Songs 歌曲翻唱之最
The Beatles have been covered more than any other band; their song Yesterday has been covered over three thousand times since its original release in 1965. George Gershwin"s Summertime (from the opera Porgy and Bess) has had an estimated 2,500 versions recorded.
“甲壳虫乐队”被翻唱的歌曲比其它任何一支乐队都多；他们的歌曲《昨日》自1965年首发起已被翻唱过3000多次。而乔治・格什温的《夏日时光》（取自歌剧《波基与贝丝》）估计也已经有了2500种翻录版本。
* Translation
外语翻唱版
Another reason to record a cover is to cross the language barrier - recording a song in a language other than the one it was originally released in. Elisa Chan had a Hong Kong hit with Fall In Love, originally recorded in Japanese by Akiko Kobayashi. In 1983, the German singer Nena released an English version of her German song 99 Luftballons (already an international hit) under the title 99 Red Balloons, to great success.
录制翻唱曲的另一个原因在于突破语言障碍――以不同于最初发行时的语言来录制一首歌曲。陈洁灵曾以一首《谁令你心痴》轰动香港，而此歌原是由小林明子用日语录制的。1983年，德国歌手妮娜以《99只红气球》为名发行了其（业已引起全球轰动的）德语歌曲《99只气球》的英语版，取得了巨大的成功。
