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    【解读宾语从句】 宾语从句

    时间:2019-02-02 03:23:37 来源:柠檬阅读网 本文已影响 柠檬阅读网手机站

      宾语从句是初三英语教材中的重、难点,要想把宾语从句学好、用好,必须掌握以下几个方面:      ★ 一要   在含宾语从句的复合句中,不管主句是陈述句还是疑问句,从句一律要用“连接词+陈述句”语序,其标点符号由主句来决定。例如:
      You must remember what your teacher said. 你必须记住老师所讲的话。
      She asked me if she could go with me. 她问我是否能和我一起去。
      Do you know who he is writing to? 你知道他正在给谁写信吗?
      
      ★ 二不要
      1. 不要省略掉连接词。在由that引导的宾语从句中,由于连词that只起引导功能,无具体意义,因此在口语或非正式文体中常可省略;但是,当一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,不要忘掉用if或whether。例如:
      She said she missed us very much. 她说她非常想念我们。
      I don’t know if/whether he still lives there. 我不知道他是否仍住在那儿。
      温馨提示:在下列that引导的宾语从句中,that不能省略。
      ⑴主从句之间有插入语时。如:
      We decide, as you suggested, that we will start out tomorrow. 正如你建议的那样,我们决定明天动身。
      ⑵若出现两个或两个以上的由that引导的宾语从句,且由并列连词连接时,只有第一个连词that可以省略。如:
      He said (that) you needn’t worry and that he would help you. 他说你没必要着急,他会帮助你的。
      2. 不要把if、whether与连接代词、连接副词混用。当特殊疑问句充当宾语从句时,只需用原来的特殊疑问句引导,不可再加上if或whether。例如:
      Can you tell me whom she is waiting for? 你能告诉我她正在等谁吗?
      Please tell me when you’ll have the meeting. 请告诉我你们将在何时开会。
      
      ★ 五注意
      1. 注意if和whether的用法区别。
      连接词if或whether引导一般疑问句,两者通常可互换,但动词discuss, wonder后多数使用whether;宾语从句提前时多数用whether;作介词宾语时多数用whether;后边加不定式时多数用whether;与or not连用时也多数用whether。其它情况则用if。例如:
      We wonder whether it is right or not. 我们想知道它是否正确。
      We are talking about whether the old man lives there. 我们正在谈论那个老人是否住在那儿。
      Please tell me whether or not he is here.
      =Please tell me whether he is here or not. 请告诉我他是不是在这儿。
      2. 注意从句时态与主句保持一致。
      如果主句是现在时,宾语从句的时态要根据具体情况来确定;如果主句是过去时,一般情况下,宾语从句要用过去时态的某种形式,即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时等。例如:
      I don’t know why he hasn’t come yet. 我不知道他为什么还没有来。
      ―Do you know when the Greens moved here? 你知道格林一家什么时候搬来的?
      ―They moved here soon after their son was born. 他们在儿子出生后搬来的。
      I asked where he came from. 我问他是从哪儿来的。
      温馨提示:
      ⑴如果宾语从句表示的是科学真理、客观事实、格言、谚语等,即使主句用了过去时,从句仍用一般现在时。例如:
      The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. 老师说地球绕着太阳转。
      ⑵情态动词could, would用于“请求”,表示“委婉、客气”的语气时,从句不用过去时的相应时态。例如:
      Could you tell me when you get up in the morning? 你能告诉我今天早上你是什么时候起床的?
      ⑶若宾语从句中有具体的过去时间,无论主句中谓语时态如何,从句中一般过去时态不变。例如:
      Do you remember what your teacher said last time? 你记得上次老师讲的话吗?
      3. 注意宾语从句的否定转移。
      在宾语从句中,如主句动词是think, believe, suppose, except等词,否定宾语从句时,其否定形式往往移到主句的谓语动词之前,而从句使用肯定式。除前面几个动词外,其它动词后的宾语从句不发生转移现象。例如:
      I don’t think that it is going to rain. 我想今天不会下雨。
      I don’t suppose that David will lie about it to me. 我猜大卫不会在这件事上对我说谎。
      温馨提示:在这种情况下,如果需要构成反意疑问句,简短问句要和从句保持一致,需用肯定形式。如:
      I don’t believe she has been to Beijing, has she? 我想她没去过北京,是吗?
      4. 注意宾语从句的特殊结构。
      在英语中可以把一类短语,如:do you think, do you believe, do you guess置于宾语从句中疑问词之后,构成双重疑问。例如:
      When do you think he left here? 你认为他何时离开这儿的?
      Who do you believe did it? 你相信谁干了这件事情?
      5. 注意宾语从句与状语从句的区分。
      if/when既可引导宾语从句,也可引导状语从句,要注意区分。当if或when引导条件(时间)状语从句时,从句中要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。例如:
      Do you know if he will come back next week? If he comes back, please tell me. 你知道他是否将在下周回来吗?如果他回来了,请告诉我。
      ―Do you know when the World Cup will begin next week? 你知道世界杯将在下周什么时候开始?
      ―Next Friday. When it begins, I’ll ring you. 下周五。当它开始时,我打电话告诉你。
      [感受中考] 单项选择。
      1. ―Nobody knows _______ he was after he graduated from Beijing University.
       ―But I was once told that he was a doctor working in a far-away village. (2006年兰州)
      A. what B. who C. where D. how
      2. We still didn’t know _______ he came so soon. (2006年武汉)
      A. howB. that ifC. what
      3. ―How about visiting the museum?
       ―Good idea. But first we should find out _______ it is open. (2006年荆州)
      A. howB. whetherC. whatD. which
      4. ―Could you tell me _______ ?
       ―Sorry, I have no idea. (2006年宿迁)
      A. when does the museum open
      B. when the museum opens
      C. when did the museum open
      D. when is the museum open
      5. Just now I asked Linda _______ , but she didn’t tell me. (2006年宁夏)
      A. where does she come from
      B. where did she come from
      C. where was she from
      D. where she came from
      6. Peter says that the Whites are on holiday, but no one knows _______. (2006年河南)
      A. where they have been
      B. where are they
      C. where are they from
      D. where they have gone
      7. Our headmaster saw the empty seat next to me and asked _______ . (2006年潍坊)
      A. where has Jeff gone
      B. where did Jeff go
      C. where Jeff has been
      D. where Jeff had gone
      8. ―Could you tell me _______ tomorrow morning?
       ―Well, it will start at 9:00. (2006年河北)
      A. when the meeting will start
      B. where will the meeting start
      C. where the meeting starts
      D. when the meeting would start
      9. ―I want to know when _______ have a field trip.
       ―We’ll have it when all the work _______. (2005年辽宁)
      A. you are; will finish
      B. you will; finishes
      C. you will; is finished
      D. you will; is finish
      10. ―Let’s go fishing if it _______ this weekend.
      ―But nobody knows if it _______. (2006年扬州)
      A. is fine; will rain
      B. will be fine; rains
      C. is fine; rains
      D. will be fine; will rain
      Keys: 1~5 AABBD 6~10 DDACA

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