例谈“两引语”转变时的“变”与“不变”:直接引语转变为间接引语的规律
时间：2019-01-30 03:36:54 来源：柠檬阅读网 本文已影响 人 
谈话人转述别人的话语时,如一字不改地直接引用别人的话,并把它放在引号内,叫做直接引语;如对原话进行变动,则称之为间接引语。直接引语和间接引语之间的转化是初中教材中的重点,也是同学们学习时的难点。但同学们如掌握了直接引语转变为间接引语时的“六变”“三加”和“三不变”,那么突破该语法难点就很轻松了。先请看“六变”的相关内容。
一、变动词
1. 一般说来,如主句谓语动词是said to,直接引语是陈述句,变为间接引语时,谓语动词要变为told;如直接引语是一般疑问句或特殊疑问句,谓语动词要变为asked。例如:
He said to me, “I’m sixteen years old.”
→He told me he was sixteen years old.
Simon said to me, “What do you find hardest in English?”
→Simon asked me what I found hardest in English.
2. 如直接引语的谓语动词是come,在变为间接引语时要改为go。例如:
Mr Lu said, “I’ll come to school on time.”
→Mr Lu said he would go to school on time.
二、变时态
1. 直接引语变为间接引语时,如主句中的谓语动词时态是一般现在时或一般将来时,则间接引语从句的时态保持不变。例如:
She will say, “I’ll do it by myself.”
→She will say she will do it by herself.
2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时,从句的时态则应是与主句时态相应的过去时态。例如:
Millie said to me, “I’m writing a letter.”
→Millie told me she was writing a letter.
三、变代词
直接引语变为间接引语时,人称变化遵循“一随主,二从宾,三不变”的原则。“一随主”,即引语中的第一人称与主句的主语一致;“二从宾”,即引语中的第二人称与主句的宾语一致;“三不变”,即引语中的第三人称不需要变化。例如:
Kate said, “My parents like me.”
→Kate said that her parents liked her.
Uncle wang said to me, “How are you feeling now?”
→Uncle wang asked me how I was feeling then.
She said to me, “They want to help him.”
→She told me that they wanted to help him.
四、变状语
直接引语变为间接引语时,有些时间状语需作变化。具体见下表:
地点状语的变化:当直接引语中有地点状语here,变为间接引语时,通常变为there。但是说话人所在的地点就是引述人所在的地点时,则仍然用here。例如:
“I live here,” he said.
→He said he lived there. / He said he lived here.
五、变语序
直接引语变为间接引语时,要将原直接引语中的一般疑问句和特殊疑问句中的疑问语序变为陈述语序。例如:
The teacher asked the little boy, “How old are you?”
→The teacher asked the little boy how old he was.
六、变否定形式
如直接引语是否定祈使句,变为间接引语时,要将原句中的don’t改为not或never。
“Don’t make any noise,” the teacher said to the students.
→The teacher asked the students not/never to make any noise.
在了解以上六种变化的基础上,同学们还要掌握“三加”的有关知识。
一、加不定式符号to
直接引语若是祈使句,变为间接引语时,要在动词原形前加上不定式符号to。例如:
“Give your love to your parents,” she said to me.
→She asked me to give my love to my parents.
二、加引导词if或whether
直接引语若为一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句,变为间接引语时,要加上引导词if或whether。例如:
I asked Kate, “Did you enjoy the movie?”
→I asked Kate if/whether she enjoyed the movie.
三、加引导词that
直接引语是陈述句,变为间接引语时,要加上引导词that(注:在口语中也可省略that)。例如:
The old man said, “I’m very interested in what you said.”
→The old man said that he was very interested in what I had said.
此外,同学们还要了解直接引语在转变为间接引语时,引语部分的时态在以下三种情况下无须变化。
一、若主句的谓语动词是现在时,引语的时态无须变化。
Mr Wang often says, “I’ll come and see you.”
→Mr Wang often says that he will come and see me.
二、若直接引语中叙述的是科学真理、客观事实、格言等,变为间接引语时,时态无须变化。
The teacher said, “Light travels much faster than sound.”
→The teacher said light travels much faster than sound.
三、若直接引语所述内容是真的,转化为间接引语时,时态也不需要变化。
The little boy said, “I love my mother very much.”
→The little boy said he loves his mother very much.
总之,直接引语与间接引语之间的转化所涉及的内容广而杂。同学们学习该知识点时一定要抓住要点,形成知识网络,这样才能真正地掌握好它。
专项练习
A)将下列句子由直接引语变为间接引语。
1. “I am very happy to visit your factory.” he said.
2. “He was here a few weeks ago.” she said.
3. She said to me, “Will you go with me?”
4. He said, “What do you think of the novel?”
B)填空完成间接引语,每空填一词。
5. Lana said, “I visited Australia last year.”
Lana said that Australia.
6. Mike asked Eve, “Are you from America?”
Mike asked Evefrom America.
7. He said, “What are you doing over there?”
He askeddoing over.
8. I asked her, “Who bought you this new bicycle?”
I asked herhad boughtnew bicycle.
C)单项选择,选择最佳答案。
1. “Don’t worry about me,” sheher sister.
A. said toB. talked C. thanked toD. spoke
2. “help me with my English?” she said.
A. Shall weB. Do youC. Could youD. Might you
3. She told mea noise in the hall.
A. don’t makeB. not to makeC. make not toD. to make not
4. Simonhis dog to lie down under the big tree.
A. madeB. hadC. finishedD. ordered
5. His father asked the boy, “aredoing this for?”
A. What;youB. Which;youC. Where;weD. Why;we
《例谈“两引语”转变时的“变”与“不变”》参考答案
A) 1. He said that he was very happy to visit our factory.
2. She said that he had been there a few weeks before.
3. She asked me if/whether I would go with her.
4. He asked me what I thought of the novel.
B) 5. she had visited; the year before 6. if/whether she was 7. what I was; there 8. who; her that
C)A C B D A
