新目标英语八年级（下）疑难解析（Ｕｎｉｔｓ　１～２） 新目标英语八年级下目录

　　1. In ten years, I think I’ll be a reporter.(P6) 我想十年后我将成为一名记者｡ 　　in 与 after 比较:这两个介词都可译为“……以后”｡ in 后面的时间段是从现在起延续到将来｡这样的 in 短语应与将来时态的谓语动词连用｡如: He will come back in an hour.(他将一小时后回来｡) after 后面的时间段以过去为起点,表示过去一段时间以后,常用于谓语动词为过去时态的句子中｡如: He started after three days.(他在三天后出发了｡)此外, after 还可以用来表示在某一具体时间点或某一具体事件以后,谓语动词可以用过去时态,也可以用将来时态｡如: We will get there after supper.(晚饭后我们将到达那里｡) Just after seven o’clock it began to rain.(刚过七点,天就下起雨来了｡)
　　2. I’ll live in Shanghai, because I went to Shanghai last year and fell in love with it.(P6) 我将住在上海,因为去年我去过上海,并爱上了那座城市｡
　　fall in love with 意为“爱上”,后面可接表示人或物的名词或代词作宾语｡如: She fell in love with a worker in our factory last year.(去年她爱上了我们厂的一个工人｡) I fell in love with the house as soon as I saw it.(我一看到这房子就爱上了它｡)
　　3. ... because I don’t like living alone.(P6) ……因为我不喜欢独自一个人居住｡
　　like 用作及物动词时,意为“喜欢”,后面可接动词的-ing形式或动词不定式作宾语｡如:Do you like eating/to eat fish?(你喜欢吃鱼吗?)但 like doing sth 与 like to do sth 的意思有所不同: like doing sth 多表示经常性或习惯性的行为;而 like to do sth 则表示某个具体的动作｡试比较: I don’t very much like swimming. But I like to swim with you this afternoon, because it is too hot for me to stay at home.(我平时不太喜欢游泳,但今天下午我想同你一起去游泳,因为天气太热,我在家里呆不住｡)
　　4. ... and one day I might even visit Australia.(P6)……,有一天我可能甚至到澳大利亚去访问｡
　　1) one day 既可指过去的某一天,也可指将来的某一天｡如: One day, Mr Smith met an old friend in the street.(一天,史密斯先生在街上遇见了一位老朋友｡) One day the same thing will happen again.(有朝一日同样的事情还会再次发生｡)
　　2) 句中的 might 不是 may 的过去式,而是表示现在有可能发生的事,只是用 might 表示的可能性比用 may 表示的可能性更小一些｡试比较:You’d better take an umbrella. It might rain before evening.(你最好带把雨伞,到傍晚说不定天要下雨｡)(天下不下雨很难断定) You’d better take an umbrella. It may rain before evening. (你最好带把雨伞,到傍晚天可能要下雨｡)(天下雨的可能性比较大)
　　5. On a piece of paper, write about your life in ten years.(P6) 将你十年后的生活情况写在一张纸上｡
　　1) 句中的 paper 意为“纸”,是不可数名词｡说“一张纸”,用 a piece of paper;说“两张纸”,用 two pieces of paper｡试译:我可以借几张纸吗?
　　误: May I borrow some papers?
　　正: May I borrow some paper?
　　paper 也可作“报纸”､“作业､试卷”､“论文”解,是可数名词｡如: Please give me an evening paper to read.(请给我一张晚报看看｡) Our teacher has many papers to correct every week.(我们的老师每周要改很多作业｡) He is reading a paper.(他在宣读一篇论文｡)
　　2) write about(of) 意为“写……的事(写到……)”｡如: In the book he wrote of his life in the army.(在这本书里,他写到了他在部队的生活情况｡) And now she writes about food difficulties in her town.(现在她来信谈到她家乡的粮食困难问题｡)
　　6. Take turns reading the papers.(P6) 轮流朗读作业｡
　　take turns 意为“依次”;“轮流做”,常用于“take turns to do/(at) doing sth”结构｡如: The students take turns to clean the classroom.(学生们轮流打扫教室｡) The three men took turns driving.(那三个人轮流开车｡) Mary and Helen took turns at looking after their sick mother.(玛丽和海伦轮流照看她们生病的母亲｡)
　　7. What will teenagers do for fun twenty years from now?(P6) 从现在起的二十年间,青少年将干些什么来取乐呢?
　　for fun 意为“为了好玩”､“开玩笑地”｡如: He is learning French for fun.(他学法语是为了好玩｡) Don’t be angry. I said it only for fun.(别生气,我只是说着玩儿的｡) have fun 意为“玩得开心”｡如:We had a lot of fun at the party.(我们在聚会上玩得很开心｡)
　　8. There are many famous predictions that never came true.(P7) 有许多从未实现过的著名预言｡
　　1) that never came true 是定语从句,修饰 predictions｡关系代词 that 在定语从句中作主语｡
　　2) come true 意为“实现”,其中的 come 是连系动词, true 是表语｡如:Some day my dream of becoming a teacher will come true.(总有一天我当教师的梦想会实现｡)
　　9. What do you think your life will be like next month?(P7) 你认为下个月你的生活会怎样?
　　do you think 是插入语｡这样的插入语通常放在疑问词的后面｡试译:你认为哪一课最有趣?
　　误: Do you think which lesson is the most interesting?
　　正: Which lesson do you think is the most interesting?
　　注意:特殊疑问句中插入 do you think 这样的插入语后,原句中的主语和谓语应为陈述语序｡如: Where do you think she works?(你认为她在哪里工作?) How do you think he studied English? 你认为他以前是怎样学习英语的?
　　10. Predicting the future can be difficult.(P7) 预测未来可能会有困难｡
　　predicting 是动词的-ing形式,它与其宾语 the future 一起在句中用作主语｡又如: Getting up early is a good habit.(早起是个好习惯｡) Studying English is very important.(学习英语非常重要｡)
　　11. My life will be a lot better than it is now!(P7) 到那时我的生活会比现在好得多!
　　在形容词或副词比较级前面可以用 a lot, much, even, a little, far, still 等词语来修饰,表示程度｡如:She sings much better than the others.(她唱歌唱得比别人好得多｡) The Yellow River is long, but the Changjiang River is even longer.(黄河长,长江更长｡)
　　12. They help with the housework and do the most unpleasant jobs.(P8) 他们帮助做家务,做那些最不招人喜爱的工作｡
　　1) help(sb) with sth 意为“帮助(某人)干某事”｡如: We often helped our parents with the housework.(我们经常帮父母干家务活｡) She is helping Tom with his lessons.(她正在帮助汤姆学习功课｡)
　　2) 辨析 homework 与 housework:两者都是不可数名词｡ homework 指“老师让学生带回家去做的课外作业或家庭作业”,做家庭作业应该用“do one’s homework”｡如: I usually do my homework at 7:00 in the evening.(我通常在晚上七点做家庭作业｡) housework 指“家务活或家务劳动”｡说“做家务”应该用 do housework｡注意: housework 前面不可加 one’s｡试译:他妈妈喜欢做家务活｡
　　误: His mother likes doing her housework.
　　正: His mother likes doing housework.
　　13. However, they agree it may take hundreds of years.(P8) 然而他们一致认为这可能要花费几百年的时间｡
　　1) 辨析 however 与 but: however 意为“然而”､“但是”､“不过”,是副词,多插在句子中间,有时也可放在句首或句末｡其前或其后常有逗号将其与句子的其余部分隔开｡例如: Later, however, he decided to go.(可是后来他决定去了｡) He said that it was so, he was wrong, however.(他说情况是这样的,可是他错了｡) but 意为“但是”,是并列连词,所连接的前后两个分句或短语在意义上呈转折关系｡如: She is an American but she lives in England.(她是美国人,但住在英国｡)
　　2) take 意为“需要”､“花费”､“消耗”,为及物动词,后面常跟表示时间段的名词｡如: The flight will take an hour.(这次飞行需要一个小时｡) take 后面也可以跟“表示人的名词或代词 + 时间段”,表示“需要(花费)某人多少时间”｡如: The work took us two days.(这项工作花了我们两天时间｡)
　　3) hundreds of 意为“好几百”､“许许多多”｡如: There are hundreds of students in the school.(这所学校有数百名学生｡)注意:hundred,thousand (千), million (百万)前面有“two”或“two”以上的基数词时,它们仍用单数形式｡如: two hundred students 两百名学生; three thousand books 三千本书; four million people 四百万人｡表示不确定数目时, hundred, thousand, million 要用复数形式,后接 of, 即 hundreds of, thousands of, millions of｡
　　14. They do simple jobs over and over again.(P8) 他们反复多次地做简单的工作｡
　　over and over again 意为“一再地”;“再三反复地”｡如: He read it over and over again.(他反复多次地阅读它｡)可以与之互换的词组有: over and over, once and again,again and again 等｡如: He wrote these words again and again.(他反复地写这些词｡)注意: over again 意为“再重复一次”,与 once again, once more 同义｡如: I didn’t get it. Would you please read it over again?(我没有完全听懂, 请再读一遍好吗?)
　　15. Japanese companies have already made robots walk and dance.(P8) 日本公司已经能使机器人行走和跳舞｡
　　句中的 make 是使役动词,意为“使得”,“使(让)某人做某事”,应该用 make sb do sth 表示,不能用 make sb to do sth｡试译:老师让我们朗读课文｡
　　误:The teacher made us to read the text.
　　正:The teacher made us read the text.
　　能用于这种结构的还有 see, hear 等感官动词｡如:... no one would want to see actors talk.(P7) (……没有谁想看见演员说话｡) I heard her sing in the next room just now.(刚才我听见她在隔壁房间里唱歌｡)
　　16. For example, it’s easy for a child to wake up and know where they are.(P8) 例如,对孩子来说醒来知道他们在哪里是容易的｡
　　句中的 it 是形式主语,真正的主语是 for a child to wake up and know where they are｡如果意思上需要,动词不定式前面可用 for 引出它的逻辑主语｡用于这种句式中作表语的形容词常见的有: easy, difficult, hard, important, necessary 等｡如: It is very important to study English.(学习英语很重要｡) It is not necessary for you to go there.(你不必到那里去｡) It’s difficult for me to remember so many things.(对我来说,要记住这么多东西是很困难的｡)
　　17. We never know what will happen in the future!(P9) 我们从不知道将来会发生什么事!
　　in the future 与 in future 比较: in the future 意为“将来”､“今后的时期”,但不一定就是从今天立即开始,而是表示将来的时间｡如: I hope I’ll be a doctor in the future.(我希望将来我能成为一名医生｡) in future 意为“从今以后(from now on)”｡如: You must be more careful in future.(你今后要更加小心｡)
　　18. After an earthquake, a snake robot could help look for people under buildings.(P9) 地震后,一种蛇形的机器人能够帮助寻找压在建筑物底下的人｡
　　help 意为“帮助”,可以说 help to do sth,也可以说 help do sth｡如: She often helps(to) clean the lab.(她经常帮助打扫实验室｡)“帮助某人做某事”应该用 help sb(to) do sth｡如: Will you help me(to)repair the pen?(请你帮我修一下钢笔好吗?) Take this medicine. It will help you(to) get better.(把这药吃掉,这样会使你的身体好一些的｡)
　　19. I argued with my best friend.(P10) 我与我最好的朋友争论｡
　　argue with 意为“与……争论”｡如: We argued with them for a long time.(我们和他们争论了好长时间｡) argue about(doing) sth 意为“就某事或是否做某事发生争执､争吵”｡如: They are always arguing about money.(他们总是为钱争吵｡) Let us not argue about going out tonight.(咱们不要为今晚是否外出争吵吧｡) argue with sb about sth 意为“与某人争吵某事”｡如: He is arguing with her about it. (他在为那件事与她争吵｡)
　　20. My clothes are out of style.(P10) 我的衣服过时了｡
　　out of style 意为“不时髦的”､“过时的”｡如: You should buy a new skirt. It is out of style.(你应该买一条新裙子,这条已经过时了｡) in style 意为“时髦的”､“流行的”｡如: She dresses in style.(她的衣着时髦｡) He lives in style.(他生活奢侈｡)
　　21. Maybe you should call him up.(P11) 也许你应该给他打电话｡
　　call sb up 意为“打电话给某人”｡如: I called my mother up half an hour ago.(半小时前我给母亲打了电话｡) Will you please call up your teacher now?(现在给你的老师打电话好吗?)其中的 up 是副词｡如果用人称代词作宾语,则人称代词必须放在副词之前,而不能放在副词之后｡试译:今天晚上我给你打电话｡
　　误:I’ll call up you this evening.
　　正:I’ll call you up this evening.
　　22. What’s the matter, Peter?(P11) 彼得,怎么了?
　　“What’s the matter?”相当于“What’s wrong?”,用来询问某人有何不舒服或怎么了｡如:―Hello, Mike. What’s the matter?(你好,迈克｡你怎么了?)―I’m not feeling well.(我感觉不舒服｡)
　　23. I need to get some money to pay for summer camp.(P12) 我需要挣些钱付暑期野营的费用｡
　　pay for 意为“付……款”｡如: Did you pay for these books yesterday?(这些书你昨天付款了吗?)注意: pay for 的宾语是“东西”｡“买……东西付钱”应该用“pay money for sth”｡如:―How much did he pay for this book?(他买这本书花了多少钱?)―He paid ten yuan for it.(他花了十块钱买这本书｡)
　　24. No, he doesn’t have any money, either.(P12) 不,他也没有钱了｡
　　辨析 also, too 与 either: also 与 too 用于肯定句｡ also 应位于谓语动词之前; too 常位于句末｡如: You like basketball. I also like basketball.(你喜欢打篮球,我也喜欢打篮球｡) Jack can speak Chinese, and his brother can speak Chinese, too.(杰克会讲汉语,他哥哥也会｡) either 用于否定句,一般位于句末｡如: He didn’t go to the cinema yesterday and she didn’t go, either.(昨天他没去看电影,她也没去｡)
　　25. A: Well, then, he could get a tutor to come to his home. 哦,那么他可以请一个家庭教师来他家｡
　　B: Yes, that’s a good idea.(P12) 是,好主意｡
　　1) get sb to do sth 意为“请(叫/让)某人做某事”｡如: You must get them to come over here.(你得设法让他们到这儿来｡) I’ll get him to repair my watch.(我将叫他把我的手表修理一下｡)
　　2) 别人提出一项建议或意见,你表示赞赏或肯定时,常用“That’s a good idea.”作答｡也可用“Good idea!/Great idea!/It’s a great idea!/That’s a wonderful idea!”回答｡如:―Shall I ask him to come tonight?(我请他今晚来好吗?) ―That’s a good idea! We’ll have a great time.(好主意!我们会玩得很愉快｡)
　　26. I’m very upset and don’t know what to do.(P14) 我非常心烦,不知道怎么办｡
　　动词不定式可以和连接代词 who, what, which, whom 及连接副词 when, where, how(why 除外) 连用,在句中作宾语或直接宾语｡这样的结构相当于一个宾语从句｡如: I don’t know what to write about.(= I don’t know what I’ll write about.)(我不知道写些什么｡) Please tell me how to repair the bike. (= Please tell me how I can repair the bike.)(请告诉我怎样修理自行车｡)
　　27. But I just found out that my friends were planning a birthday party, ...(P14) 但我刚发现我的朋友们正打算开一个生日聚会,……
　　find 与 find out 不同｡ find out 意为“了解(情况)､查明､发现”,指通过探索､观察来发现,带有“经过困难曲折”的含义,后面接“无形或隐藏的东西”,常跟名词､代词或从句｡如: Can you find out John’s address for me?(你能给我打听一下约翰的地址吗?) I’ll find out where they live.(我去打听一下他们住在哪里｡) I’m finding out whether some of them are wrong.(我打算查看一下其中有一些是不是错了｡) find 意为“找到､发现”,指找到､发现有形的东西,也可指偶然发现某物或某种情况｡如: I found a note on my desk when I came in.(我进来时发现书桌上有一张便条｡)
　　28. She’s really nice, and we get on well, but she always borrows my things.(P15) 她确实讨人喜欢,我们相处得很好,但她总是借我的东西｡
　　get on 意为“相处”｡如: They got on together like old friends.(他们相处得就像老朋友似的｡)表示“与某人相处”,可用 get on with sb｡如:―How are you getting on with Tom?(你与汤姆的关系怎么样?)―I’m getting on well with him.(我和他相处得很好｡) get on 还可以作“进展”;“上(车､船等)”解｡如: How is your child getting on at school?(你的孩子在学校里情况怎么样?) Get on the bus, or we’ll be late.(上车吧,否则我们就要迟到了｡)
　　29. Could you please give me some advice?(P15) 请给我提一些建议好吗?
　　give sb advice 意为“给某人提建议”, advice 是不可数名词,其前可加上 a(two) piece(s) of, some, much 等词｡如: My friend gave me some very good advice.(我的朋友给我提出了一些很好的建议｡) give sb advice 后面可跟 on 引起的介词短语,表示“就某方面给某人提建议”｡如: Mr Wang gave us much good advice on how to learn English.(王老师就如何学习英语给我们提出了许多好的建议｡)
　　30. Teachers complain about teaching tired kids in the classroom.(P16) 老师们抱怨在课堂上教那些疲倦的孩子｡
　　complain about(doing) sth 意为“抱怨(做)某事”｡如: He never complained about working overtime.(他从未抱怨过加班干活｡) They are always complaining about the weather.(他们老是抱怨天气不好｡)
　　31. They take their children from activity to activity, and try to fit as much as possible into their kids’ lives.(P16) 他们带孩子们参加各种活动,设法尽可能地溶入到孩子们的生活中去｡
　　1) fit into 意为“适合”､“适应”｡如: I get much too fatter, so I can’t fit into my clothes.(我太胖,这些衣服穿不上了｡) He doesn’t really fit into the class.(他并不真正适合呆在这个班里｡)
　　2) as... as possible 意为“尽可能……”｡如: Please speak English as much as possible every day.(每天尽可能地多讲英语｡) We should do our homework as carefully as possible.(我们应当尽可能仔细地做家庭作业｡)
　　32. Most children take part in after-school clubs.(P16) 大多数孩子参加课外活动小组｡
　　join 与 take part in 比较:两者均含“参加”之意｡ join 指加入某一组织成为其中一员或与某人一起干某事｡如: He joined the army last year.(他去年参了军｡) They are playing football now. Shall we join them?(他们在踢足球,我们一起去踢好吗?) take part in 指参加到某一活动中｡如: He often takes part in student activities.(他经常参加学生的活动｡) Will you take part in our English party?(参加我们的英语聚会好吗?)
　　33. Parents see other children doing a lot of things, ...(P16) 父母看见其他孩子在做许多事情,……
　　see sb doing sth 意为“看见某人正在做某事”｡如: I saw Jack talking with Mr Smith in the classroom.(我看见杰克正在教室里和史密斯先生谈话｡)注意: see sb doing sth 与 see sb do sth 有些区别｡比较: We saw him going upstairs.(我们看见他正在上楼｡)(只看见他上楼这个动作的一部分) We saw him go upstairs. 我们看见他上楼去了｡(看见他上楼的全过程)
　　34. When these kids are adults, they might find it difficult to plan things for themselves.(P16) 当这些孩子长大成人时,他们就会感到安排自己的事情是很困难的｡
　　句中 it 是形式宾语,真正的宾语是 to plan things for themselves｡ it 常出现在“find (make/think /feel...) + it + 形容词+ (for sb) to do”中｡如: I didn’t find it very difficult to write letters in English.(我已感到用英语写信并不很难｡) I think it very important for us to learn English pronunciation well.(我认为对我们来说学好英语语音非常重要｡)
　　35. And they are always comparing them with other children.(P16) 他们总是把自己的孩子与其他孩子相比较｡
　　1) always 意为“总是”,常与一般现在时的谓语动词连用｡而 always 与现在进行时的谓语动词连用,则隐含一种令人不耐烦的感觉｡试比较: He always gives me flowers.(他总是给我送花｡) I don’t like him but he is always giving me flowers.(我不喜欢他,但他老是送花给我｡)
　　2) “compare... with...”意为“把……和……比较”､“拿……与……对照”｡如: He compared Mark’s new car with mine.(他把迈克的新车与我的新车相比｡) Compare this with that, you will see which is better.(把这个和那个比较一下,你就可以看出哪一个比较好了｡)
　　36. On the one hand, children need organized activities. On the other hand, they also need time and freedom...(P17) 一方面孩子们需要有组织的活动,另一方面,他们也需要时间和自由｡
　　on(the)one hand 常与 on the other hand 连用, 意为“一方面……,另一方面又……”｡如: On one hand, you must work hard; on the other hand you should pay attention to your health. (一方面你应该努力工作,另一方面,你要注意身体｡)