学习方法之复习诀窍

　 学习方法之复习诀窍

　德国著名心理学家艾宾浩斯研究表明：一个人在学习后20分、1小时、8小时、24小时、2日、6日、31日，记忆率分别是58 %、44 %、36 %、34 %、28 %、25 %、21 %。也就是说在学习识记完某一知识后，遗忘就开始发生，尤其在起始阶段遗忘的速度较快。因此，在学习完某项内容后应及时复习。

　第一次复习的最佳时间应该是24小时内，即“日复习”。日复习环节：（一） 回忆 （二）复习梳理 （三）做作业 （四）拓展提高 （五）错题集整理及浏览。在这个区段内稍加复习即可恢复记忆。过了这个区段因已遗忘的多了，所以复习起来就“事倍功半”。我们在复习功课时，有时感觉碰到的好像是新知识似的，这就是因为没有及时复习的缘故。

　第二次复习叫做“周复习”，每到周末都要对这一周所学的内容进行一次复习，也就是说? 在未等记忆的内容遗忘掉之前就再次复习。这样只需要花费很少的时间就能复习巩固一次。如果等所学的内容全忘了之后才去复习，就等于重新学习一次，此时所花费的时间就比较多，学习的效率就比较低。

　周复习环节：（一）?知识归类 （二）复习梳理 （三）做作业 （四）拓展提高 （五）错题集整理及浏览。

　第三次复习叫做“月复习”，每到月末都要对这一月所学的内容进行一次复习，复习环节：（一）?知识归类 （二）复习梳理 （三）阶段综合训练（四）错题集整理及浏览。

　第四次复习叫做“期中复习”，每到期中都要对这两个月所学的内容进行一次复习，复习环节：（一）?知识归类 （二）复习梳理 （三）期中综合训练（四）错题集整理及浏览。

　第五次复习叫做“期末复习”，每到期末都要对这四个月所学的内容进行一次复习，复习环节：（一）?知识归类 （二）复习梳理 （三）期末综合训练（四）错题集整理及浏览。这种复习方法综合起来叫做“循环复习法”。它的好处就是，越是间隔久远的知识记忆越扎实，越是复习次数多的知识复习的用时越少，效率相当高。

　下面介绍几个小窍门：

　1、? 睡前醒后是记忆的黄金时段，这个时间段做机械记忆类复习最佳。

　2、对于复习内容较多时，在复习时先列提纲、总结大意去记忆。然后再细化，这样记得就快。

　3、在复习时应理解地记忆所要记忆的内容。在理解的基础上复习记忆效果最好。

　4、在复习时要培养对所记忆的内容感兴趣，感兴趣的内容往往记得住，我们可以采用联想记忆法，把所要复习的知识点和有趣的事件联系起来。

　5、一次记忆同类的内容过多容易发生遗忘? 在学习时要注意文理学科交替学习、不同学科交替学习。因为不同学科?的知识由大脑不同的部位主管，所以学科交替学习就可以使大脑的各个部位得到及时修整。

　6、 中间材料容易遗忘，开头与结尾的内容容易记忆， 对所要记忆的内容进行分段来学习，以便增加多个开头与结尾，增强记忆效率。

　7、用脑过度，记忆效率低 ，因此我们学习时要注意劳逸结合，一般来说每学习一个小时左右就要做一些保健操来放松一下。8、要随身携带学习卡片，做到每一点闲暇的时间都在复习。另外，给同学讲题也是一次很好的复习机会。

　北京四中学习方法谈

　.“3”就是三个学习过程的排列规律

　1）学校学习过程：主要完成听 读 看 记，在学校老师那里获取知识?（10元钱，只得7元钱，拣钱）

　2）家庭学习过程放学回家的学习过程，把学校学习的知识完成理解，发现没有学好的地方。

　3）周末把一周学习过程完成回顾，整理，对知识查缺补漏。

　现在我们来分析清华、北大是怎样把你淘汰的。早晨到学校上课，老师很高兴，发给学生每人10块钱。在重点学校的一些尖子生中调查，发现老师发的10块钱，尖子生只能得到7块钱。其余的3块钱，掉到地上了。可是他们很狡猾，在回家后把掉在地上的3块钱拣了起来，在他晚上睡觉的时候，他的兜里还是10块钱。而广大的中下游的孩子每天至少有40％的知识掉在地上没有拣。后果是，一天不要紧，一周不要紧，一个月还不要紧，三个月后，通知书发下来了，“×××学生，你这辈子都考不上清华、北大了”。因为基础知识每天丢掉40％，堆积到三个月后，考清华、北大基本上是不可能的。

　“4”指的是四个学习环节“学、 查、 改、 纳”

　我们来组装学习这台机器，在吉林，一个农门家里培养出三个博士生。中国很多家庭都出现过这样的事情。然而很多老师的孩子考不上大学。原因呢？有很多高中的孩子家长看不懂孩子的数理化了。“3461” 学习方法具有很强的控制体系，能够让小学文化的家长辅导高三学生，湖北省高考状元就是用的这套学习方法。

　第一个过程：在学校学习主要是“学的环节”，记笔记就是一种学习习惯，学习成绩原自于学习习惯。学生主要运用四个字“听、读、看、记”。家长注意看住孩子的课堂笔记。家长每天上班，你怎么知道孩子在学校学习情况怎么样呢？很简单，回家用一分钟时间把孩子的课堂笔记扫描一遍。就能知道他在学校学习情况。注意孩子在听老师讲课时很难45分钟保持高度集中。他们的课堂笔记是个大漏勺，每天回家后应该完成对课堂笔记的整理。四中网校的学院放学回家后，先打开自己的课堂笔记，然后打开电脑看北京四中网校的知识导学，有标准的课堂笔记，每天对照同步指导整理自己的课堂笔记，把掉在地上的4块钱捡起来。每天都拣的话考北大、清华当然没问题了。

　第二个学习过程：家庭学习 主要体现在“查和改”

　查：学生在学习完之后很难有学生知道哪个地方学好，那个地方没学好。就要完成查的过程。怎么查呢？四招：课堂笔记、日复习、作业、考试。

　还有一种简单的方法，通过北京四中网校的在线测试，5分钟就可以查处当天哪没学好，把掉在地上的4块钱在不过夜的情况下补上漏洞。

　改：找到漏洞后，就要完成改了。作业的全对不能代表考试的全对。“作业的最高境界做错的题，发现什么地方没学好。”这是作业的最高境界。改的方法就是：错题本。“君子报仇7天不晚。”错题本是日本学生发明的，80年代传到中国。从北京四中传向全国。河南有两个高校将“错题本”当作教学项目在全校推广。每个班建立一个“错题银行”。把做错的题存在里面。什么时候取利息呢?在考试的时候，做错的题不再错，那就是“错题银行”的利息。

　有一句教育的真理“世界上最有价值的习题不是专家出的习题，而是自己做错的习题” 每天不要求多，其实做题的数量很多，买很多的习题册做题都是没有用的。只要把做错的题改正过来，做会就可以了。

　每周末要完成整理和归纳，北京四中网校的“名师答疑”和“四中同步”可以帮助同学们完成学习的整理和归纳。

　课堂笔记的整理

　很遗憾，中学生中90％以上的学生不会做课堂笔记。有三种表现形式。第一类型 老师的录音机，很多学生只记不听，成为老师的录音机。第二类型 老师课堂的板书，全班一样。第三类型 课堂笔记记到了书上，也是最愚蠢的课堂笔记，还不如不记。“书要越学越薄的”打个比方，书是原材料，课堂笔记是半成品，课堂笔记要比书薄。前面提到“复习在作业前面”，我们用什么做复习呢？就是课堂笔记。试验表明：用书做复习工具，做完单科复习要20分钟；用课堂笔记做复习工具，每天只需8分钟，这就是学习效率的提高。

　课堂笔记技术要求：

　三点一线：“三点”是指听课要抓“重、难、疑”点 课上老师提出的难、重点，还有就是“疑点”，要求学生在下课后用一分钟时间标出疑点。

　“一线”是整理昨天的知识和今天的关系。

　色笔区分：三种不同颜色笔区分三个点

　预留空白：学生听课时以听为主，课堂笔记要记成大纲类型的笔记，给课后整理留空白，给初三留空白，中考秘笈“一轮复习抓笔记，二轮复习抓错题，三轮复习抓归纳”：课后整理、字迹工整、每日检查、建立错题本。

　如果家长把孩子的作业本当废品给买了，那对孩子的一生都是一个遗憾。如果把三年的错题归纳到“错题本”上，那将是家长送给孩子一生当中最昂贵的礼物。

　格式：

　孩子做作业时，家长作陪读时，要完成对错题本的整理。

　1.年月日 2.原题?3.错解 按照这三个格式把孩子前一天的错题和当天30分钟作不出来的题，记录在错体本上。周末的时候做错题分析，做两件事情1.错误的原因和2.正确的解法。平时做作业禁止做一道题花30分钟，而周末花3小时也要自己解。因为作业主要完成孩子的应试能力，而错题本主要完成查、缺、补、漏 。（作业检查孩子的应试能力，错题本完成查缺补露）

　错题本

　错体是个宝，天天不要少，每个周末搞，积累为大考。

　二轮复习抓错题

　绝大多数初三学生二轮复习抓不起来。做完一轮复习后，他们都变成聋子和瞎子。一个人如果不知道自己哪没学好，复习怎么复习呢？所以错题本相当于飞机的导航灯一样，指明前进的方向。错题本能够指引自己查缺、补露

　知识的归纳

　单科知识体系图语文七层楼：作文、理解和分析、阅读、句、词、字、音。

　文科积累性很强，每周末找个本子完成音、字、词、句的归纳。进行分类整理。看这张表，我们来分析，两个学生语文学不好，原因会一样吗？不一样，有的孩子可能3楼出问题了，有的孩子可能5楼出问题了，所以辅导班的补习往往阴差阳错，永远无法解决孩子的学习问题。自学可以哪有问题补哪。

　那么，美国的孩子学习英语的时候先背单词吗？学习母语的时候，我们从梯图上可以看到和学外语是不一样的，现有阅读，然后有单词，这是母语的学习方法。母语一般现有阅读，后学词汇，自上而下。学英语是现有词，语法，后有阅读。自下而上的。

　归纳本

　文科积累呈层状，分类整理看数量，理科整理呈树状，正确习题练思路。

　文科学得好的孩子，数量感很强，积累越多，作文越好。

　中考的第三个秘笈“三轮复习抓归纳”

　“6”——是指高考状元具备的六个学习习惯：1.预习的习惯、2.复习的习惯、3.作业的习惯、4.思维的习惯、5.听课的习惯、6.作息的习惯。

　讲作业的习惯，有的同学考试的成绩没有作业的成绩好，就说考试没考好。其实是作业的习惯出现问题。下面来测试一下同学们的影视能力，看你是否有一下问题：

　1)每天晚上做作业时遇到不会做的题向同学询问。

　2)每天晚上不看表，没有时间控制。

　3)每天晚上习题失控，做一道题经常花30分钟以上。

　4)每天晚上遇到的难题，错题处理不干净，没有错题本。

　5)每天晚上作业前不复习，作业时把书打开就做作业。

　6)每天晚上作业时有喝水习惯 。

　7)每天晚上作业时吃零食。

　8)每天晚上作业时打电话。

　9)每天晚上作业时上卫生间的习惯。

　孩子们的应试能力的培养出现这么多问题。有的孩子说做作业时听音乐是最有效率的，你千万别相信他。孩子注意力不集中并发症：考试时粗心丢分很多。粗心是永远也治不好的，但是用教育方法控制粗心。

　“1”一个学习计划

　考试最大的收获不是分数，分数不重要，一次期中考试考得好并不代表中考考得好。考不好的学生也不要气馁，因为这只是说明你这三个月没学好。考试的最大收获是收获一个学习计划，下面看一下学习计划的流程：

　试卷改错——般老师会带着孩子完成卷面的改错。

　卷面统计——由家长完成，

　知识漏洞分析——

　学习方法漏洞分析——

　漏洞对策分析——

　落实

　为什么要做卷面分析呢？家长看不懂学生的错题不要紧，老师已经把错题改完了，家长贴着错题做卷面统计。举个例子，早晨孩子没洗脸就到学校了，自己脸上有个脏东西他自己看不见，班级的同学看见了，就告诉他“你脸上有脏东西了。”他自己还不相信，怎么办呢？拿出一面小镜子一照，看见了。卷面统计就是小镜子。下面给大家两面小镜子：

　学习方法的得失分统计分析

　知识结构的得失分统计分析

　不照不知道，一照吓一跳，结果是，从小学一年级考试开始，孩子丢分原因是相同的，一直在采用自杀式学习，一直在相同地方摔倒。所以，可以提前两年半就预测到孩子中考的考试丢分原因。能否把中考成绩提高，就看孩子丢分的漏洞能不能缩小，能不能把学习的计划落实下来。

　总结

　学习就像组装汽车，汽车的部件有：

　发动机——学习动机，农村的孩子太想考好大学了，他们的发动机非常? 好。你是否也想考好大学呢？

　方向盘——课堂笔记

　刹车——错题本

　变速箱——归纳本

　学习成绩不好，说明这几个部件有问题了，我们能不能把车修一下再上路哇！

　再重申一下中考三大秘笈：“一轮复习抓笔记，二轮复习抓错题，三轮复习抓归纳” 家长留给孩子一生的财富是“错题本”。

　有很多家长家里不富裕，也有的家长很有钱。但是，不管哪个家长，在他的口袋里有这样几个东西：

　时间——初一，初二这两年，在孩子学习习惯校正的阶段，两个家长陪读时间每周不能低于6个小时，低于6小时将来你的孩子没有考上大学你不要怪孩子， “种豆者得豆，种瓜者得瓜。”初一和初二这两年太关键了。所以，第一是有时间。

　耐心——

　训练——有这样一种现象，马戏团的猴子会做人的动作。按照美国专家的研究，人的行为习惯校正需要21天，而猴子需要1000次、甚至10000次，但猴子还是成功了。猴子能训练，人不是比猴子强多了吗！我们没有把一样东西给孩子，那就是耐心。

　通过孩子的期末考试试卷、作业本、课堂笔记，对孩子学习习惯测评，帮助孩子制定下一阶段的学习计划，解决四个问题：如何复习、预习、归纳以及如何做课堂笔记。

　世界上最大的痛苦是什么？第一种痛苦是妈妈生你的时候，但是伴随着这种痛苦，一个生命来到这个世界。第二种痛苦就是一个人敢于面对自己的不良习惯，敢于向自己提出挑战。

　故事：雄鹰再生

　鹰是寿命很长的动物，一般能够活到70岁，但是在它40岁的时候，自身功能下降，它的爪子很长，而且开始弯曲了，不再锋利。同时，它的羽毛开始丰厚，飞行高度、速度开始下降。它的捕食能力下降，将面临饿死的危险。于是，它便进行了150天的训练，它带上足够的食物，找一个山洞躲起来。先用石头把自己的爪子上的指甲砸下来（同学们回家后把自己的手指甲掰下来好吗？是不是很疼呢？）。等待爪子恢复好，用锋利的爪子，把自己翅膀上的羽毛一根根拔下来（同学们把自己的头发也一根一根的拔下来，疼吗？）。然后，鹰还要等待，等待它新的羽毛生长出来以后，它的羽毛是非常轻盈的，它的飞行高度和速度都恢复了，它的爪子也锋利了，它还可以继续翱翔30年。

　通过这个故事，告诉人们，改正自己学习习惯的过程是一个非常痛苦和艰难的过程。我们希望孩子在改变自己学习习惯最痛苦的时候，有家长能够陪伴在孩子身边。因为教育不是灌输，而是点燃孩子学习的希望。

　学生为什么学习不好

　学生学习不好的根本原因是浮躁。

　浮躁有五种表现：

　（1）上课一听就懂，其实没有真懂；

　（2）看书一看就会，其实没有真会；

　（3）题目拿来就做，没看清条件就做；

　（4）做完题就上交，没检查好就上交；

　（5）发现题目错了，以为粗心不改正。

　　有上面五种浮躁习惯，学习成绩一定不会理想。因为有上面的浮躁习惯，就会导致三种危害：学的时候学不会；考的时候考不出；错的时候改不了。

　　具体分析如下：

　1．学的时候学不会

　　具体有以下两种表现：

　　（1）上课一听就懂，其实没有真懂

　　太多的同学忽视了这个问题，他们从来不考虑自己是不是真的懂了，老师一问“懂了么？”他们就会随波逐流、异口同声地喊“懂了”。所以，在对他们做咨询的时候，我总是戏称他们都是“撒谎长大的”。

　　自认为“懂了”，学习过程即告停止。

　　学习是从认识到自己不懂，或承认自己不懂开始的，直到学习者自己认为自己懂了为止。一旦自己认为自己懂了，不管是不是真的懂了，学习的过程就戛然而止了。

　　没懂自认为懂会导致学习半途而废。

　　很多同学不承认有这样的问题，他们自认为自己上课是听懂了的。至于后来不会做了，是因为时间久了，或者又忘掉了。

　　为了让同学和家长们认清出这个问题，我特意设计了一个小游戏。来我们这里咨询的同学基本都跟我做过这个小游戏，一个很简单的小游戏。但这个游戏看似简单，但实际上很难一次性做出来。我先做一遍，然后问学生：“会了么？”超过百分之八十的同学毫不犹豫地说“会了”，但我让他重复的时候，他根本做不出来。有大约百分之十强的同学会说一些“差不多、好像会了”之类的模棱两可的话。我会给他们解释：“差不多”意思就是“差得多”！“好像会了”意思就是“肯定不会”！这样的判断往往屡试不爽！让他们试验的时候，也往往是做不出来。

　　还有很少的同学，大约在百分之五左右吧，他们会承认自己不会，显然这些同学要仔细得多，经过两三次的演示以后，他们才敢于自己亲手试验。但第一次也往往会以失败告终。

　　也就是说，基本上所有的同学都在不同程度上存在没有学会的时候自认为学会了而拒绝继续深入学习的问题，存在浮躁的问题。

　　从不会到会的过程是个漫长的过程，如果我们拿登上十层的台阶作为学会的话，只要不达到第十层台阶，每一层台阶停下来都是失败！

　　所以，有一句俗话：成功的路上尽是失败者。他们距离成功有的远，有的近，有的甚至只差一步。但他们停下来了。学习停止了，在没有充分学会的时候，学习停止了，这时候，遗忘的因素会很快占到上峰。这样，当时认为学会的知识，其实根本就没有掌握，考试的时候考不出来就是自然而然的事情了。

　　另外还有的同学上课时的一些不良习惯会直接影响他的听课效果。

　　有一个初二的女同学名字叫做李琦，她的数学和物理都在五十几分，不能达到及格分数。她的父母非常着急，来到我们中心咨询。

　　我们的老师在给她讲第一节课的时候就发现了一个看似很小，却又非常严重的问题：那就是她的头发在影响她听课。每次她写字的时候，一低头，头发就哗啦散落在她的眼前，她就习惯性地用手一拂，有时候还很优雅地把头向后一甩。据上课老师统计，45分钟一节课她拂头发的次数居然超过了50次！所以，我们给她的第一个建议就是：把头发扎起来！

　　经过两个月左右的补习，她的数学和物理成绩一下子提高到了八十几分！

　　（2）看书一看就会，其实没有真会

　　很多学生在看书的时候，往往如蜻蜓点水，轻描淡写翻几页就算是看过了，无法深入看书。

　　对于学生来说，深入看书有两方面：

　　课前看书

　　目的就是找问题：

　　接下来该学习什么了？

　　学习重在发现、探索、创新和应用，预习时先要想一想，我们已经学习了什么知识，接下来该学习什么了？自己来个预测。?

　　为什么要讲这些内容？

　　知识的重点和难点是什么？

　　预习的一个重要任务是要了解新知识的重点和难点，为课上更好地学习做准备。预习时可能对重点知识认识得不清楚，抓得也可能不准，这都没关系。对预习中感到困难的问题，要做好两方面的准备。一是查一查，感到困难的原因是什么。是原有知识基础问题，还是理解问。如果是基础问题就要自觉补一下，看一看是否可以解决；如果是理解问题，可以记下来课上认真听讲、积极思考去解决。

　　课后看书

　　深入已经掌握的问题，再次寻找问题；

　　近期所学的整个内容体系是否明确？

　　本节课与已经学过的什么知识点有联系？

　　这个部分的知识学到这里，接下来应该学习什么？

　　我自己能不能把要学的内容创造出来？

　　2．考的时候考不出

　　指的是学习者在自认为学会的情况下，遇到自认为会做的题目，要么做不出来，要么做出来不能得满分。

　　具体有以下两种表现：

　　一是自以为会了，其实没有真会。

　　二是真的会了，但浮躁严重，得不了分。

　　（3）题目拿来就做，没看清条件就做

　　学生很多时候看到题目，没有仔细审题，而是急于动手，所以经常出现题目看不清，条件没有看全就开始做题。这种情况做对的可能就很小了。等到题目做错了，才恍然大悟：有个条件没看清楚！

　　做题目的时候，先写出明确的已知，求证或求解，然后再做题目是一种比较好的解题习惯。

　　失败的人都会想，我下一次一定成功，成功的人也会想，下一次一定更成功。

　　但下一次从什么时候开始呢？

　　其实下一次就是从现在开始。

　　人生就是现在，从前只是记忆，将来只是想象，唯有现在才是真实的，把现在抓住就抓住了人生。

　　一位作家曾经说过：“如果有那么一天，时空倒转，让我们从80岁活到一岁，那么，世界上一半人将成为哲学家，世界上一定会多出几百个百万富翁”。

　　大卫·葛雷森说：“我相信，现在未能把握的生命是没有把握的；现在未能享受的生命是无法享受的；而现在未能明智地度过的生命是难以过得明智的；因为过去的已去，而无人得知未来。”

　　要停在当下，不要急着往前走。

　　如果每一个现在在辛勤地工作、学习，生活状况将是一种持续的增长状态；如果每一个现在都在碌碌无为、低效率的工作状态、或者无进展、得不到进展的工作状态，实际上是白白消耗了生命。

　每次老师在强调赶进度的时候，我总是反问一句：学生都没有学会，你想赶到哪儿去？

　　拿到题目的时候，首先要有一个平静的心态，不要急着做题，而是要先把题目看清础再做。

　　这个题目考什么知识点？

　　给出的直接条件是不是能够解出题目？

　　有什么隐含条件？

　　还需要什么条件才能解出问题？

　　……

　　（4）做完题就上交，没检查好就上交。

　　很多同学总是急匆匆地把题目做完就交上去了，让他检查，他就根本检查不下去，有些很明显的问题，本来应该一眼就可以看出来，但他盯着看半天都看不到问题。

　　清华附中有一个初三的女生名叫马小月，在中考前一模考试以后来到我中心咨询，她很自信地说，她这次的数学成绩虽然只有六十几分，但她实际上是八十几分的水平。原因是因为有一道十五分的题目，她在稿纸上本来做对了，只是在往试卷上誊写的时候抄错了！

　　当时她的父母也深深地点头，表示事实确实如此。

　　我问马小月：“你觉得很委屈是么？”

　　她点点头！

　　我说：“那为什么没有检查出来？”

　　她低下了头。

　　我又问她：“你以前出现过这种情况么？”

　　她点头说：“出现过。”

　　“那为什么没有彻底改掉？”

　　她又低下了头。

　　“考不好，活该！你不是八十几分的水平，你就是六十几分的水平！因为你现在出现这样的错误，中考的时候还会出现！”

　　这时候她的父母开始点头了。

　　我继续说：“因为你认为这种情况只是偶尔的，下回就不会出现了，所以，你就不会认真对待，不会下定决心，也不会每次做题时做到一次性把题目做到满分，不会每次做完考题后认真检查直到不出错误。如果不是每次这么做，到考试的时候就不能一定保证会做的题目得满分。所以，我们认为：学习不理想最重要的原因是浮躁。”

　　不检查就上交是浮躁最典型的表现之一。学生做完题目后，耐心已经达到极点，最想的事情就是赶紧交上去万事大吉。

　　这种浮躁心态是学习的大敌，如果不彻底解决，学习永远不会好。

　　有个朋友的女儿，是20中初三的学生，名字叫顾小梅，有一次，我拿一个题目问她是不是会做，她说会做了，但让她做的时候，她做不出来。在老师给她讲了题目后，让她把这个题目彻底搞懂，练到熟练的程度。

　　她的父亲就问：“你们叫三倍快速学习法，怎么没有看出快来？”

　我回答：

　　“一次性把一个题目彻底掌握，就是最快的方法。”

　　“我看你们给孩子上课，一个小时了才讲了一个题目，这怎么算是快？”父亲显然不服气。

　　“一个小时可以讲一个题目，也可以讲十个题目，但大题会做，但小题不会，分数不够高。”

　3．改的时候改不了

　　具体表现为：

　（5）发现题目错了，以为粗心不改正

　　人大附中有位初三年级的女生名叫孙一芮，她本来就是班里比较出色的学生，尤其是数理化成绩，有的已经接近满分。但由于人大附中竞争非常激烈，她的排名只能在200名以后。因为人大附中几乎是北京中考录取分最高的中学，她要想稳稳地升入人大附中的高中部，要考到200名以内，甚至最好是考到150名以内才比较有把握。但她和她的父母觉得靠她自己的努力没有把握达到这个目标。

　　她刚来到我们中心咨询时，说了这么一句话：“要不是犯了一些‘低级错误’，我的成绩还要高。”

　　我当时就回了她一句：“你这次有多少分是因为‘低级错误’丢的？”

　　她说：“数理化三门大约就有十几分！”

　　“上次考试有没有犯‘低级错误’？”我进一步追问。

　　“有！”她很诚实。

　　“再上一次呢？”我步步紧逼。

　　“有……”她开始有些不好意思了，“好象一直有……”

　　“从小就是犯‘低级错误’长大的对么？呵呵！”我开了句玩笑。

　　“对对对！呵呵……”她倒也直率。

　　“只要你认为是‘低级错误’，你就永远改不了，就永远不能重视这个基本的事实：那就是，题目会做，但怎么都不能把会做的题目得满分！”

　　“对对对！你快跟我说一下怎么改掉这个毛病吧！”

　　“打掉浮躁！”

　　……

　　后来在我们的指导下，她一模进入全校前200名，二模进入前150名，最后中考的时候，她的成绩在全海淀区排名第83名。

　　有以上5种浮躁的习惯，学生的成绩一定不会理想。

　One hundred party knowledgeThe current and future periods, the development of the party staff's work principle is: "adhere to the standards, and ensure the quality, improve the structure, Shen heavy development." this is according to the temporary task and team members, facing the party, and the experience of the development of party work since the founding of new China, put forward the basic lessons. The meaning of this policy is to show the party members must strictly adhere to the provisions of the constitution of the party standard, and ensure the quality of new party members, and should help to gradually improve the structure by team members, all to improve the quality of Party members, improve the fighting capacity of the party, strengthen the party in the whole society and influence cohesion.The development of party work "sixteen words" policy, is an organic whole of dialectical unity, to fully understand and grasp the "Kennedy. Adhere to the standard" refers to the development of Party members must strictly adhere to the provisions of the constitution of the Party member standard, not lower standards or other standards. "Quality assurance", is to correctly handle the number of fingers with the quality of work, relationships, need and possibility, put quality first. "Improve structure", refers to the development of new party members to pay attention to reasonable structure, gradually improve the structure and distribution of Party members of the team, and to better play the role. "The party carefully". Is a must adhere to the individual absorption The principle of the development of a mature one, and strictly perform in the admission procedure, to prevent the Party member does not have the conditions of the people absorbed into the party. In the development of party work, it must understand correctly and comprehensively implement the "twenty-six words" policy, and avoid one sidedness and blindness, to ensure that work normally.The Communist Party is the working class with communist consciousness of the vanguard fighters are materialists and no atheists. The Communist Party only faith Ma Marxism Leninism, Mao Zedong thought, Deng Xiao Xiaoping theory and "Three Represents" important thought, not religion. On religion or have a strong religious feelings of the people can not develop to join the party.China is a multi-ethnic country, the common belief on ethnic minority areas, to participate in some people with ethnic customs and religious activities. In order not to distinguish from the masses, and just respect the national custom, in addition to some traditional funeral ceremony and the masses festival activities, should not be regarded as a religious faith to participate in religious activitiesThe chapter states: over 18 years old China workers, peasants, soldiers, intellectuals and sub sub advanced elements of other social strata China can apply to join the Communist Party.This is because: stating that 18 is the age limit for the party, because of a general, one to 18 weeks old to adult, can have a really determined political judgment, have the ability to force established their political beliefs and personal life ambition. 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Martov advocated just admit party Manifesto and constitution don't have to attend a party organization, Party members can do, what each of the strikers can even put forward the "name" party. Lenin firmly opposed to this claim, he believes the party members should not only admit party principle, constitution, an organization and must participate in the party. Only in this way can the party become free the production of advanced class The organization of the army team, formed a strong fighting collective body, shoulder the great historical mission. If the party that does not participate in the program, the chapter of the party organization, the party will become a distraction for the club.The party has the obligation to undertake allocation, party organization work, and try to do it well. The party organization work assigned, including the political work of the party and the party's mass work. 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Membership is a very strict and serious thing, unless you do not have the necessary conditions and ability, the applicant shall be required in the party to the party as written expression of their own will.The man was seriously ill because of membership, low cultural level, residual disability and other reasons, it is difficult to write an application to join the party, either by themselves, please help dictate the other comrades to write. But from writing applications to real expression of the applicant's understanding and attitude toward, and that the applicant can not personally self writing the reason, finally by applicants signature stamp or by hand.An application to join the party is the applicant for Party membership to the party organization to express their requirements to join the party's desire to express their political pursuit and determination for a form. One party is required, after serious consideration into account, is willing, is a serious political choice. Write the party for Shen the book is a very serious matter. Therefore, most of the requirements of the party who everyone write applications look very heavy, in addition to the content to reflect their true thoughts, to express their requirements into the desire to join the party, in the form of think of as beautiful, neat, clear, consistent with this applicants with psychological. In addition, With the continuous improvement of the level of science and technology, office automation degree is more and more high, many units have been the real implementation of the paperless office, document processing are operated by computer is. In this case, the party who write requirements in applications with computer printing, should should be allowed to be clear. Is a print, the party application, the applicant must be a signature stamp or thumbprint India. The Party branch must take this off at the receiving party application. This book is both responsible for the party organization, is also responsible for the party in the applicant.The Constitution clearly pointed out that the Communist Party members to "the party faithful honest and consistent". This not only is for every member of the requirements, also apply to join the Party comrades on each request. The so-called "honest", is to be open-minded, bright and Lei, loyal to the party and the people, loyal to the socialist society and the cause of communism, not to resort to deceit, not to conceal their problems, reflect the situation to the party, don't hide their shortcomings and mistakes. This is the basic requirement of each member to join their team Wuwu party.Honesty is decided by the nature of party loyalty to the party. The party except for the workers class and the broad masses of the people's interests, no special interests of their own. For each party comrades must be honest and loyal to the party, this is the new stage of the new century, need economic and strategic objectives the development of the society. The construction of socialist Chinese to each application to join the Party comrades can faithfully faithfully implement the party's line, principles and policies on the needle, thought in politics, the height of the party, consistent action. The party is not one of the table, is not for the party say in words, words and deeds are not A, even playing double faced style. This phenomenon must be resolutely overcome and correct decision, must from the application into the Party comrades. Only the start each party and each application to join the party with Comrade can follow the party will really improve the will of one heart and one mind, the combat effectiveness of the party organization.Be honest and loyal to the party: (11) to conscientiously study Marxism Leninism, Mao Mao Zedong thought, Deng Xiaoping theory and the important thought of "Three Represents", study the party's basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, establish a correct outlook on life, overcoming the "honest people suffer" thought Comrade Zhou Enlai once said: "the most intelligent smart people in the world is the most honest people, because only the honest people can have it real and historical test. Only a set of wholehearted service to the people life outlook on life, be willing to tell the truth, do honestly, honest people do consciously, for the realization of communism Righteousness and selfless work. (2) to adhere to the principle, according to Party policy. For a request for the Party comrades, can adhere to the principle, according to the party's policy, is an important symbol to measure him honest and loyal to the party is the party. Therefore, in the matter of principle that is the party's line, principles, policies and other major issues, we must proceed from reality in everything, selfless and fearless, adhere to the principles, and be impartial and, no matter what the circumstances, have been tested, do not damage the party's interests. To dare not tell the truth. Do not tell lies. Truthfully report to the Party Organization Department in all aspects of their situation. Don't be on their own shortcomings, mistakes, but also to take the initiative to speak clearly to the party organizations, consciously put themselves in the supervision and help of the party organization.The party is a dynamic motivation, individual party the subjective reasons, that is to say his inner heart is not what want to join the party.All striving for and actively participate in the molecular China of the Communist Party, must correct motives are correctly solve the problem.. why constitution stipulates that the second party: "China were members of the Communist Party of the working class is Chinese with communist consciousness of the vanguard fighters. China Communist Party members must fully