四面楚歌_四面楚歌的故事
时间：2018-12-27 03:33:23 来源：柠檬阅读网 本文已影响 人 
songs of Chu are sung on all sides-- be besieged on all sides This idiom comes from Records of the Historian ・Official Records of Xiang Yu.
After the downfall of the Qin Dynasty, two rebel army commanders, Xiang Yu and Liu Bang had fought for the throne for about five years.
At the beginning,Xiang Yu was in dominant position, but Liu Bang was a man of great resource and also knew how to judge and use people. At the same time, he united all the forces who were fighting against Xiang Yu, so his military power was gradually stronger than Xiang"s.
In 202BC, Xiang"s troops retreated to Gaixia and were besieged by Liu Bang"s troops in all sides. At the moment, Xiang Yu not only suffered heavy casualties and lacked for army provisions but also found himself in isolated position. It was just the time of cold winter with the north wind blowing heavily, and all the soldiers could hardly stand it at all.
In order to disintegrate the fighting will of Chu"s soldiers, Liu Bang adopted the psychological warfare to let his soldiers sing the Chu folk songs on all sides. Xiang Yu was just thinking deeply about how to extract himself from the predicament when he heard Chu folk songs, so he was greatly surprised, and thought."Have Han troops occupied all the territory of Chu? Why are there so many Chu people?"
Xiang Yu considered that the situation was hopeless and out of control, so he led eight hundred soldiers to break out of the encirclement. At last, there were only twenty eight soldiers left. Xiang came to the dead end and he had to cut his throat beside WuJiang River.
Now we use it as a metaphor to indicate being besieged on all sides, and it also refers to someone who has been driven to the last ditch.
此语出自《史记・项羽本纪》。秦朝灭后,项羽和刘邦为了争夺天下,进行了长达五年多的楚汉之争。
战争初期,项羽占优势,但由于刘邦善用计谋,知人善任,联合了各地反对项羽的势力,因而势力超过了项羽。
公元前202年,项羽败退到垓下,被汉军重兵包围。这时项羽损兵折将,粮草也已吃尽,处于孤立无援之境。当时正值寒冬季节,北风呼啸,寒气逼人。
为了彻底瓦解楚军斗志,刘邦采用心理战,让汉军唱楚地的歌曲。项羽正在苦苦思索如何摆脱困境时,听到四处传来楚国的歌声,不由大吃一惊,暗想:“难道汉军已经把楚地完全占领了,为什么军中有那么多楚人唱歌呢?”
项羽以为大势已去,无法挽回,当夜率领800多名骑兵拼死突围。最后身边只剩下28名骑兵,项羽走投无路,在乌江拔剑自杀而亡。
后用此典比喻四面受敌,处于孤立无援的绝境。也指被逼处于绝境。
名词专项训练答案
1.D 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. D 7. D 8. D 9. D 10. B 11. C 12. A 13. B 14. C 15.B 16. A 17. C 18. A 19. C 20. B
21. D 22. A 23. C 24. C 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. A
31. D 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. B 36. B 37. C 38. C 39. A 40. C
41. A 42. D 43. C 44. D 45. B 46. C 47. A 48. A 49. B 50. C
51. A 52. C 53. A 54. B 55. C 56. B 57. B 58. D 59. A 60. A
Logic Reasoning
小幽默
A fourth-grade teacher was giving her pupils a lesson on logic.
"Here is the situation," she said. "a man is standing up in a boat in the middle of a river, fishing. He loses his balance, falls in, and begins splashing and yelling for help. His wife hears the commotion, knows that he can"t swim, and runs down to the bank. Why do you think she ran to the bank?"
A girl raised her hand and asked, "to draw out all of his savings?"
