【过去分词的５个命题切入点】命题切入点是指什么
时间：2019-02-22 03:25:30 来源：柠檬阅读网 本文已影响 人 
一、考查过去分词用作形容词 即表面上考查非谓语动词，而且四个选项也都是非谓语动词的某种形式，但命题者真正考查的却是其形容词用法――由过去分词转化来的形容词的用法。如：
1. A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending， but the reader must not be left_______. （2006天津卷）
A. unsatisfied B. unsatisfying
C. to be unsatisfyingD. being unsatisfied
【说明】此题答案选 A。unsatisfied 在此为形容词，用作补语（主语补足语），其意为“不满意的，未得到满足的”。全句意为：一个好的故事不一定就需要一个喜剧性的结尾，但它必须不能让读者失望。
2._______ and happy， Tony stood up and accepted the prize. （2006全国卷）
A. Surprising B. Surprised
C. Being surprised D. To be surprising
【说明】此题答案选 B。根据与之并列的形容词 happy 可知，此题应填形容词 surprised。surprised and happy 的意思是“既惊又喜”。
二、考查过去分词用作后置定语
过去分词作后置定语的特征是表被动，通常可视为一个被动语态的省略形式。如：
1. There have been several new events ______ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. （2006北京卷）
A. add B. to addC. addingD. added
【说明】此题答案选 D。added to the program 可视为 which have been added to the program 之省略。
2. Five people won the “China’s Green Figure” award， a title _______ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection. （2006山东卷）
A. being givenB. is given C. given D. was given
【说明】此题答案选 C。a title given to ordinary people 可视为 a title which was given to ordinary people 之省略。
3. The prize of the game show is＄30，000 and an all expenses _______ vacation to China. （2005北京卷）
A. payingB. paidC. to be paid D. being paid
【说明】此题答案选 B。因 all expenses 与 pay 是被动关系，故用过去分词表被动。全句意为：此次电视游戏节目的奖品是30，000美元奖金另加一次完全免费的中国度假。
三、考查过去分词用作状语
过去分词用作状语的典型特征是表被动，可视为其前省略了“主语（即主句主语）+助动词 be”。这类过去分词（短语）通常可根据具体的语境转换成相应的状语从句――即表原因的过去分词短语可转换成原因状语从句，表条件的过去分词短语可转换成条件状语从句，等等。如：
1._______ for the breakdown of the school computer network， Alice was in low spirits. （2006福建卷）
A. Blaming B. BlamedC. To blame D. To be blamed
【说明】此题答案选 B。根据句意可知， Alice 与 blame 为被动关系，故选过去分词。Blamed for...在此表原因，故可转换成原因状语从句：Because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network...
2._______ in the mountains for a week， the two students were finally saved by the local police. （2005江苏卷）
A. Having lostB. LostC. Being lost D. Losing
【说明】此题答案选 B。lose oneself in 为固定短语，其意为“在……迷路”，由于题中没有 oneself，所以可以断定 the two students 与 lose 是被动关系，故用过去分词。Lost in the mountains for a week 在此表时间，可转换成时间状语从句：After they had been lost in the mountains for a week...
注：有时用作状语的过去分词前带有自己的“引导词”。如：
3. No matter how frequently _______ ， the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world. （2006广东卷）
A. performed B. performing
C. to be performed D. being performed
【说明】此题答案选 A。performed 为 they are performed 之省略。
4. When _______ help， one often says，“Thank you.” Or“It’s kind of you.” （2005福建卷）
A. offeringB. to offer C. to be offeredD. offered
【说明】此题答案选 D。“给某人提供帮助”说成英语是 offer sb help，根据句意可知，one 与 offer 为被动关系，即当一个人说“谢谢”时，他应当是“被”提供了帮助，所以空格处填过去分词。When offered help...可视为 When he is offered help... 之省略。
四、考查过去分词用作宾补
过去分词作宾语补足语的特点是：与其前的宾语为被动关系。这类考题尤其要注意“动词+反身代词+过去分词”“have+宾语+过去分词”等典型结构。如：
1. In the dream Peter saw himself _______ by a fierce wolf， and he woke suddenly with a start. （2006上海卷）
A. chasedB. to be chased
C. be chased D. having been chased
【说明】此题答案选A。根据句意可知，himself 与 chase 为被动关系，故 chase 要用过去分词。
2. You should understand the traffic rule by now. You’ve had it _______ often enough. （2005天津卷）
A. explaining B. to explain
C. explainD. explained
【说明】此题答案选D。由于宾语 it（= the rule）与动词 explain 为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。此题考的是“have+宾语+过去分词”结构。
五、考查过去分词在固定搭配中的使用
这类考题通常会涉及一个含有过去分词的固定搭配，要求考生能正确识别并结合给定的语境进行判断。这类结构也通常是用作状语，并且往往也可根据具体的语境转换成相应的状语从句。如：
1. _______ with so much trouble， we failed to complete the task on time. （2006四川卷）
A. FacedB. Face C. Facing D. To face
【说明】此题答案选 A。（be） faced with 是固定短语，其意为“面临”。faced with so much trouble 在此表原因，因此可转换成原因状语从句：Because we were faced with so much trouble ...
2. _______ in a white uniform， he looks more like a cook than a doctor.（2005湖南卷）
A. DressedB. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed
【说明】此题答案选A。（be） dressed in 为固定短语，其意为“穿着……”，如：She was dressed in Japanese clothes.她穿着日本服装。I didn’t recognize him because he was dressed in a dark suit. 我没有认出他来，因为他穿着一身黑色套装。本题中的 dressed in a white uniform 为原因状语，可转换成原因状语从句：As he is dressed in a white uniform ...
3._______ into use in April 2000， the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdown. （2005上海卷）
A. Put B. PuttingC. Having put D. Being put
【说明】此题答案选 A。put ... into use 为固定短语，其意为“投入使用”。根据句意可知，the hotline 与 put 是被动关系，且于2000年已经完成，所以用过去分词。（编辑 周贞雄）
