新目标英语八年级下目录 [新目标英语八年级（下）疑难解析（Ｕｎｉｔｓ５～６）]

　　1. If you do, you’ll have a great time.(P34) 如果你去了,你将会玩得很高兴｡ 　　have a great time 意为“过得愉快极了”｡如:We had a great time at the party yesterday evening.(昨晚我们在聚会上兴高彩烈｡) During the holidays I had a great time.(假期里我玩得痛快极了｡)
　　意义与此相类似的短语还有: have a good/pleasant/nice/wonderful time 意为“玩得痛快(高兴)”, 相当于 enjoy oneself｡如: Did you have a good time on the Great Wall?(你们在长城上玩得痛快吗?) We had a pleasant time together on New Year’s Eve.(除夕晚上,我们在一起玩得挺高兴的｡)
　　2. I think I’m going to take the bus to the party.(P34) 我想我要坐公共汽车去参加聚会｡
　　take the bus 意为“乘公共汽车”｡ take 作“乘､坐”解时,后面跟 bus, train, plane, taxi 等表示交通工具的名词｡如: We are waiting to take the plane to Shanghai.(我们在等着乘飞机去上海｡) Please tell me which bus to take.(请告诉我坐哪路公共汽车｡) It was too late and she took a taxi home.(天太晚了,她乘了一辆出租车回家了｡)
　　3. Half the class won’t come.(P35) 班上一半的同学都不会来｡
　　1) half the class 与 half of the class 同义｡ half of 意为“半数的”,如果后面接单数名词或代词,在句中作主语时,谓语动词为单数形式;如果后接复数名词,谓语动词为复数形式｡如: Half of the apple is bad.(那个苹果坏了一半｡) Half of the students are good at English.(一半的学生擅长英语｡)
　　2) half of 后跟人称代词时, of 不能省略｡如: Half of them are here.(他们中有一半人都在这里｡)但后跟计量词时,则不用 of｡如: half an hour 半小时; half a mile 半英里｡
　　4. If you do, the teacher will call your parents.(P36) 如果你这样做的话,老师将打电话告诉你的父母｡
　　call 可用作及物动词,意为 “呼叫”､“打电话”｡如: Call me at seven o’clock please.(请在七点钟叫我｡) He called me last night.(他昨晚给我打过电话了｡) call 还可作“把……叫做”､“称呼”解,后接“名词/代词 + 名词”结构｡如: We call the baby Alice.(我们管那婴儿叫艾丽斯｡)表示“吩咐某人做某事”时,应该说 ask/tell sb to do sth｡试译:我叫他来帮助我｡
　　误: I will call him to help me.
　　正: I will ask him to help me.
　　call him to help me 意为“高声唤他来帮助我”｡
　　5. Don’t bring friends from other schools.(P36) 不要从其他的学校带朋友来｡
　　bring 与 take 比较:两者都有“带”､“拿”的意思｡ bring 指“将某物或某人从别处带(拿)来”｡ take 则指“将某物或某人从说话者所在的地方带(拿)走”｡如: Don’t forget to bring me that book next time you come.(下次你来的时候,别忘了把那本书给我带来｡) I want to take some books to the classroom.(我想带几本书到教室里去｡) Take this small box away and bring me a big one.(把这个小盒子拿走,给我拿一个大的来｡)
　　6. I think you should go to college.(P37) 我想你应该上大学｡
　　1) should 是情态动词,可用于各种不同人称,后跟动词原形,意为“应该”､“应当”｡如: As a student you should study hard.(作为一个学生,你应该努力学习｡) You shouldn’t be so careless.(你不应该这样粗心大意｡)
　　2) go to college 与 go to the college 比较: go to college 意为“以学生的身份上大学(求学)”, college 前面没有冠词｡如: Many boys and girls go to college after graduation from high school.(许多男女青年中学毕业后去上大学｡) go to the college 意为“去那所大学”,指“因某一目的到一所特指的大学去”,而不是去求学｡如:―Where are you going?(你去哪里?) ―I’m going to the college to see my son.(我到那所大学去看我的儿子｡)
　　7. This is a great chance that many people do not have.(P38) 这是许多人没有的极好机会｡
　　句中的 that many people do not have 是定语从句,修饰名词 chance｡关系代词 that 引导定语从句,并在从句中作宾语｡ that 也可省略｡如: The first one(that)I ever got was a birthday cake snow globe on my seventh birthday.(P48)(我七岁生日那天收到的第一个礼物是生日蛋糕雪球｡) This is the magazine(that) he is looking for.(这就是他在寻找的那本杂志｡)
　　8. If you become famous, people all over the world will know you.(P38) 如果你出名了,全世界的人都会知道你｡
　　all over 意为“到处(=everywhere, in all places)”｡如: We have friends all over the world.(我们的朋友遍天下｡) I looked all over for my pen.(我到处找我的钢笔｡) all over 还可作“全身､遍身”､“全部结束”解｡如: He was all over wet.(他浑身湿透了｡) The film was all over when he got to the cinema.(他到达电影院时,电影已经全部结束了｡)
　　9. Many professional athletes get injured.(P38) 许多职业运动员都受过伤｡
　　get injured 意为“受伤”｡ get 是系动词,意为“变得”,后面跟表语,表示进入或变成某种状态｡如: It’s getting cold. Please close the window.(天冷了,请把窗子关上｡) The weather gets warmer, and the days get longer.(天气变得更暖和,白天变得更长｡)
　　10. In fact, many famous people complain that they are not happy.(P38) 事实上,许多名人都抱怨说自己并不幸福｡
　　1) in fact 意为“事实上”､“实际上”｡如: In fact, I think you’re right.(事实上,我认为你是对的｡) I thought Betty was in the garden, but in fact she was in her room.(我认为贝蒂在花园里,但实际上她是在自己的房间里｡)
　　2) 句中的 complain 意为“抱怨”,可用作及物动词,后跟 that 引导的宾语从句｡如: They often complain that they have too much homework every day.(他们经常抱怨每天的作业太多了｡) She complained that the wages were too low.(她抱怨工资太低｡) complain 也可用作不及物动词,后面跟介词 about 或 of 引起的短语｡如: He complained of his bad memory.(他抱怨自己记性不好｡) He is always complaining about high prices.(他老是抱怨物价太高｡)
　　11. And if you become rich, you will have a difficult time knowing who your real friends are.(P38) 如果你变富了,你将很难知道谁是你真正的朋友｡
　　have a difficult(hard)time 意为“有困难”､“费劲”,后面可跟 doing something,表示“费力做某事”､“做某事有困难”｡如: We had a hard time getting out the big stones. But we did it.(把这些石头挖出来,我们费了很大的劲,但还是做到了｡) The mother had a difficult time trying to get the children to go to bed.(母亲费了很大的劲才把孩子们哄睡着｡)
　　12. If you become a professional athlete, you’ll be able to make a living doing something you love.(P38) 如果你成了职业运动员,就能够做你自己喜欢的事,谋取生路｡
　　1) make a living doing something you love 意为“通过做你喜爱的事情来谋生”｡在 make a living 和 doing something you love 中间省略了介词 by｡如: Her mother makes a living (by) selling fruit in the market.(她母亲靠在市场上卖水果谋生｡)
　　2) 句中的 you love 是定语从句,修饰 something,其前省略了关系代词 that｡如: Can you tell us something that you saw in Beijing?(你能给我们讲一些你在北京见到的事情吗?)
　　13. This can make life difficult.(P38) 这会使生活变得很艰难｡
　　此句中的 make 意为“使得”,后面可接“名词/代词 + 形容词”构成的复合宾语｡如: We must make our country rich and strong.(我们要使我们的国家富强起来｡) This answer made him angry.(这样的回答使他很生气｡) Time can make everybody old.(时间能使得人人都变老｡)
　　14. The teacher took away my mobile phone because I used it in class.(P39) 因为我在课堂上打手机,老师把我的手机拿走了｡
　　1) take away 意为“拿走”､“带走”｡如: I’m not using the dictionary; you may take it away.(我现在不用这本词典,你可以拿走｡) Who took away my bike just now?(刚才谁把我的自行车推走了?)
　　2) in class 与 in the class 比较: in class 意为“在课堂上”, class 前面不用冠词｡如: Students must answer the teachers’ questions in class.(课堂上,学生应该回答老师的提问｡) in the class 意为“在这个班级中”｡如: He is taller than any other student in the class.(他的个子在班里是最高的｡)
　　15. ―I think l’ll go back home. 我想我将回家去｡
　　―If you do, they’ll laugh at you.(P39) 如果你回家的话,他们将会嘲笑你｡
　　laugh 与 laugh at比较: laugh 意为“出声地笑”､“发笑”,常用作不及物动词｡如: Don’t laugh so loudly.(别这么大声地笑｡) The children are jumping and laughing.(孩子们又跳又笑｡) laugh at 意为“笑(某人)”､“嘲笑”､“(听了……)笑”｡如: They both laughed at the idea.(他们两人都嘲笑这个想法｡) We all laughed at the news.(我们听到这个消息,都笑了｡)
　　16. When did you get your first pair of skates?(P45) 你什么时候买的第一双溜冰鞋?
　　pair 意为“一对”､“一双”､“一副”等,这“一双”或“一对”里的两个个体不能分离｡如: Mother has bought me a pair of socks.(母亲给我买了一双袜子｡) Will you get me a pair of compasses?(你给我买一副圆规好吗?)
　　使用 pair 一词时应注意以下几点:
　　1) pair 和数词连用时,单数和复数形式均可｡我们可以说 five pair of shoes,也可以说 five pairs of shoes｡
　　2) pair 和 many, few, several 等表示不定量的词连用时,必须用复数形式｡如: There are several pairs of gloves on the desk.(桌子上有几副手套｡)
　　3) pair 和 this, that, each, every, another, first 等连用时,只用单数形式｡如: That pair of glasses is mine.(那副眼镜是我的｡)
　　4) a pair of 作主语时,谓语动词通常为单数形式｡如: A pair of trousers was lying on the chair and two pairs of shoes were in front of the bed.(一条裤子搭在椅子上,两双鞋摆在床前｡)
　　17. Alison was the first one to start and has been skating for the whole five hours.(P46) 艾利森第一个出发并一直滑冰滑了整整五个小时｡
　　句中的动词不定式 to start 作后置定语,修饰 the first one,被修饰的名词或代词(有时被省略)和动词不定式之间是逻辑上的主谓关系｡如: In my family mother is always the first to get up.(在我家里,妈妈总是第一个起床｡) He was the last man to leave the classroom.(他是最后一个离开教室的｡)
　　18. A: So how long have you been playing? 那么你参加这种体育运动有多长时间了?
　　B: Three and a half years.(P46) 三年半｡
　　half a 与 and a half 比较:两者都含有“半”的意思｡ half a 修饰可数名词单数｡ half a 是英国英语, a half 是美国英语｡如: He’ll come back in half a month.(半个月之后他将回来｡) The whale can stay under the water for more than a half hour.(鲸鱼能在水下呆半个多小时｡) 表示“一个半”､“两个半”时,可在 and a half 后面跟可数名词的复数形式,也可将这个名词放在 and 前面｡如: It took me two and a half hours/two hours and a half to do the homework.(做作业花了我两个半小时｡)注意:表示“一个半……”､“两个半……”时,切不可说 one and half a..., two and half a...｡
　　19. Thanks for sending me the snow globe of the monster.(P48) 谢谢你送给我这个怪物雪球｡
　　thanks for... 意为“因……感谢某人”,相当于 thank you for...,后接名词或动词的-ing形式｡如: Thanks for your help.(谢谢你的帮助｡) Thanks for telling me about the news.(谢谢你把这个消息告诉我｡)
　　20. Our class is organizing a talent show to raise money for charity.(P49) 我们班正在组织一场才艺表演为慈善事业筹款｡
　　1) 句中的 class 是集体名词,用作主语时,既可把“班级”作为整体看待,后面的谓语动词用单数形式,也可把“班级”看作是一个一个的“成员”,后面的谓语动词用复数形式｡试比较: The class has only thirty-five students.(这个班仅有三十五个学生｡) The class are very clever.(这个班的学生都很聪明｡)与此有相类似用法的集体名词还有 family, group, team 等｡如: My family is a big one.(我家人口多｡) My family are all music lovers.(我家的人都喜爱音乐｡) This group is having a meeting.(这个组在开会｡) Our group are reading newspaper.(我们这个小组的人正在看报｡)
　　2) 句中的 raise 是及物动词,意为“筹集”､“募集”, raise money for 作“为……筹款”解｡如: We are trying to raise money for the Red Cross.(我们正设法为红十字会筹款｡) How are you going to raise enough money for it?(你们怎样来为此筹集足够的资金呢?)
　　21. I collect shells because they are beautiful.(P47) 我收集贝壳,是因为它们很漂亮｡
　　collect 用作及物动词时,意为“收集”､“搜集”｡如: Tom has collected over 300 stamps.(汤姆已经收集了300多张邮票｡) He likes collecting foreign coins.(他喜欢收集外国硬币｡) collect 也可用作不及物动词,意为“聚集”｡如: People collected in the square yesterday.(昨天人们聚集在广场｡)
　　22. My mom says I have to stop, because we’ve run out of room to store them.(P48) 我母亲说我得停止收集这些东西,因为我们没有地方可放了｡
　　1) run out of 与 run out 比较: run out of 是及物动词短语,其主语一般是人或机构等,多用于进行时和完成时｡如: Give me a cigarette, please. I have run out of them.(请给我一支烟｡我的烟抽完了｡) He was almost running out of his money when he returned to Beijing.(当他回到北京的时候,他的钱快花光了｡) run out 是不及物动词短语,其主语一般是物｡如: Our paper has run out.(我们的纸已经用完了｡) The gas was rapidly running out.(汽油很快就要用完了｡) run out(of) 在其他场合也可以作“(从……)跑出来”解｡如: He ran out of the house at hearing the big sound.(听到这声巨响,他从房子里跑了出来｡) We ran out to see what was happening in the street.(我们跑出去,看看街上发生了什么事情｡)
　　2) 句中的 room 意为“空间”､“余地”,是不可数名词,没有复数形式,其前不可用不定冠词a｡如: There was not enough room for the population.(当时已没有足够的地方容纳这么多人了｡) Is there room for me in the car?(车子里还有我坐的地方吗?)
　　3) store 用作及物动词时,意为“储存”｡如: Why did you store so much salt?(你为什么储存这么多盐呢?) There is no room for storing all these things.(这些东西没有地方放｡)
　　23. By the way, what’s your hobby?(P48) 顺便问一下,你的爱好是什么?
　　by the way 与 on the(one’s) way 比较: by the way 的意思是“顺便说”､“附带说”｡如: By the way, I have something important to tell you.(且慢,我还有重要的事要告诉你｡) Oh, by the way, there was a telephone call for you.(哦,顺便说一下,有电话找你｡) on the(one’s) way 的意思是“在路上”,后面跟“介词 to + 地点名词”｡如果 way 后面接 home, there, here 等表示地点的副词,则不必在 way 后面加 to｡如: On the way to school I met him.(在上学的路上我碰见了他｡) We lost our bus tickets on our way to town.(在进城的路上,我们把汽车票弄丢了｡) They are on their way home.(他们正在回家的路上｡)
　　24. So it was very interesting for me to learn that a lot of Jews came to live in Harbin many years ago.(P50) 所以对我来说,得知许多年前有很多犹太人来到哈尔滨居住是非常有趣的｡
　　I am interested in the job as a writer.(P49) 我对作家的工作很感兴趣｡
　　interesting 与 interested 比较: interesting 意为“令人感兴趣的”,可用作表语,一个“物”可以“令人感兴趣”,一个“人”也可以“令别人感兴趣”; interesting 也可以用作定语,既可修饰人也可以修饰物｡如: The film is very interesting.(这部电影非常有趣｡) My father bought me an interesting story-book yesterday.(昨天爸爸给我买了一本有趣的故事书｡) He is a most interesting man.(他是个很有趣的人｡) interested 意为“感兴趣的”,短语 be(become) interested in 意为“对……感兴趣”｡其主语应该是人,而不是物,介词 in 后面跟名词､代词或动词的-ing形式｡如: Even before he was ten he became very interested in science.(他甚至在十岁前就对自然科学感兴趣｡) I’m interested in collecting foreign stamps.(我对收集外国邮票有兴趣｡)
　　25. My hobby is collecting old coins.(P48) 我的业余爱好是收集古钱币｡
　　collecting 是动词的-ing形式,在句中用作表语｡如: The maid’s job is taking care of the children.(女仆的工作是照顾孩子｡) My favourite sport is playing football.(我最喜爱的运动是踢足球｡)
　　注意:“be + 动词的-ing形式充当的表语”不可与进行时相混淆｡前者表示状态,后者表示动作｡试比较:
　　―What is she doing?(她在做什么?)
　　―She is washing clothes.(她在洗衣服｡)(进行时态)
　　―What is her job?(她的工作是什么?)
　　―Her job is washing clothes.(她的工作是洗衣服｡)
　　27. I didn’t finish writing my test because I ran out of time.(P49) 考卷我没有写完,因为时间不够了｡
　　finish 意为“结束”,“完成”,是及物动词,后接名词､代词或动词的-ing形式,但不可接动词不定式｡如: Can you finish your homework today? (你能做完今天的作业吗?) He finished middle school last year. (他去年中学毕业｡)试译:昨晚我读完了那本书｡
　　误: I finished to read the book last night.
　　正: I finished reading the book last night.
　　27. We will give you different topics to choose from.(P49) 我们将让你从中挑选出不同的题目来｡
　　to choose from 是后置定语,修饰 topics｡ choose from 意为“从……中挑选”｡如: These dictionaries are for you to choose from.(这些词典供你挑选｡) Customers usually have many dishes to choose from.(顾客通常有很多菜可以挑选｡)
　　28. This is an interesting city with a very colorful history.(P50) 这是一个有趣的城市,它具有丰富多彩的历史｡
　　介词 with 作“具有”解｡如: China is a country with a long history.(中国是一个历史悠久的国家｡) It is a black cat with one white ear and two white legs.(那是一只黑猫,但有一个耳朵和两条腿是白的｡)
　　29. In fact, the first Jews probably came to Kaifeng more than a thousand years ago.(P50) 事实上,第一批犹太人可能是在一千多年前来到开封的｡
　　more than 意为“多于”､“超过”,意义上相当于 over｡如: There are more than fifty students in our class.(我们班有五十多名学生｡) It took us more than an hour to get there.(到那儿花了我们一个多小时｡)
　　30. And although I live quite far from Beijing, I’m certain I will be here for the Olympic Games in 2008!(P50) 虽然我住得离北京很远,但我相信我会在2008年奥运会时来到北京｡
　　far from 与 from far 比较: from far 意为“从远方”｡如: Has your uncle come from far?(你叔叔是从远方来的吗?) far from 意为“远离……”,相当于 far away from｡如: The bus stop is far from here.(公共汽车站离这里很远｡) He went to a place far from home yesterday.(昨天他到离家很远的地方去了｡)注意: far from 用来泛指距离“远”｡若要具体说明有多远,应该用具体数字替代 far｡试译:我家里离车站两公里远｡
　　误: My home is two kilometers far from the station.
　　正: My home is two kilometers(away) from the station.
　　31. For a foreigner like me, the more I learn about Chinese history, the more I enjoy living in China.(P50) 对我这样的外国人来讲,我对中国历史了解得越多,我就越喜欢在中国居住｡
　　the more..., the more... 意为“越……,就越……”｡在这一结构中,两个 the 后面都必须跟形容词或副词的比较级形式｡如: The more you learn, the more you want to learn.(你学得越多,就越想学｡) The more I think of it, the happier I am.(这件事我越想,就越高兴｡) The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.(你越用功,进步就越大｡)
　　32. If she works far away, she will miss her family.(P51) 如果她在很远的地方工作,她会想念家人｡
　　1) far away 意为“很远”､“遥远”,可在句中作表语､状语和后置定语｡如: Many thousands of stars are far away.(成千上万颗恒星太遥远了｡) I lived far away.(我住在很远的地方｡) He works in a town far away.(他在一个很远的城镇工作｡)
　　2) miss 意为“想念”､“思念”､“怀念”,用作及物动词｡如: I miss her very much.(我非常想念她｡) I’m sure that everybody will miss him very much.(我相信每个人都会非常怀念他｡)