【“单词拼写”题解题技巧及练习】
时间：2019-03-11 03:25:23 来源：柠檬阅读网 本文已影响 人 
“单词拼写”这一题型注重单词在语言中的实际运用，着重考查学生对单词的词义、词性及句子语境的准确理解能力。从最近两年的高考答题情况来看，考生在这一大题上失分较多，存在的主要问题有：想不出单词；拼写错误；词性不对。针对这些问题，除了平时认真背诵单词，诵读精彩短文以加强语感，打好扎实的基础以外，运用正确的解题技巧也是很有必要的。
一、“单词拼写”真题分析
2005年高考英语浙江卷“单词拼写”部分考了副词 1 个（immediately）、形容词 1 个（famous）、名词 5 个（vegetables, finger, address, medicine, neighbor/neighbour）和动词 3 个（written, invited, continued）。其中需变形的有四个单词：1个名词，3个动词的。2006年高考英语浙江卷“单词拼写”部分考了形容词2个（cheap /cheaper，equal）、动词3个（wastes，invented，joking）和名词5个（magazine，breath，material，furniture，weather）。其中需变形的有3个动词。从以上分析不难看出，名词和动词在这一题型中占了很大的比例。因此，平时的训练中应格外关注动词和名词的拼写与变化。
二、单词拼写的解题技巧
（一）读通句子，根据语境和首字母填入合适的单词
虽然已经记熟了教材上的单词，但许多同学在做“单词拼写”部分的试题时，感到最大的困难是想不出最合适的单词。其实，如果平时做题时留意方法，这个问题就能得到解决。
1．对比法：根据所给句子，在句中找出相对应的同义词或反义词，然后根据首字母填入合适的单词。如：
In this part of the city, you can see ancient and m_________ buildings next to
each other.根据ancient 和首字母m ，不难看出应填modern（现代的），与ancient（古代的）相对应。又如：
The water was shallow, not d_________. 根据shallow 和首字母d, 不难看出，这里应填deep。
2. 词组法：把所学的词组和句子的语境相结合，根据所给的首字母填入单词。运用这个方法的前提是同学们必须牢记考试大纲所规定的需熟练掌握的词组，这样就很容易找到需要填写的单词了。如：
What we should take into c__________ is money. 根据词组 “take sth. into consideration” 不难看出这里应填consideration。
3. 背景知识法：根据所给句子提供的背景知识和首字母来判断填写什么单词。虽然这个方法不是要求同学们必须具有广博的知识面，但是还是要知道一些常识性的东西。如：
Mandela is a modern h________ who helped the black people to get the same rights.根据高一课文所学的背景知识，应很容易想到Mandela 是一位 “modern hero”。又如：
Charles Dickens ，who was a famous n__________, wrote many novels all his life.众所周知，Charles Dickens是一位著名的小说家，所以这里应填novelist。
4. 释意法：根据句子的意思和解释来判断所填词汇。如：
Betty never tells a lie and you can always believe her and t__________ her.
从这个句子中我们可以得到如下信息：“Betty从不说谎，你可以总是相信她”，这样就可以得知本句应填“trust”。又如：
I don’t want to see anyone now. I just want to be left a__________.根据句意“我不想见任何人”，可以看出“我只想一个人单独呆着”，所以这里应填 “alone”。再如：
--Is smoking f_______ at school?
--Yes, we are not allowed to smoke. 根据“是，我们在学校不容许抽烟”的回答，可以看出这里应填“forbidden”。
（二）根据句子结构进行适当的词语变形
在选定所填单词后，确定词性最重要！想出应填的单词只是第一步，接下来的一步还要考虑该词的变化。如果是名词，就要考虑单复数的变化；如果是形容词，就要考虑与副词的转换；如果是动词，就要考虑一般现在时第三人称单数动词的、过去式、过去分词或者现在分词变化等。如many, a number of, few, several 后一定是名词的复数。如：
Success usually comes after many f____________.根据释意法，此处应填“failure”，且“many” 后面应接名词的复数，故正确的答案为“failures”。许多同学没有想到这一点，也有的同学虽想到了这一点，但认为“failure”是不可数名词，所以都填了错误的答案“failure”。
（三）注意书写与拼写
在选定了单词和变了词形后，还应注意单词的书写和拼写。有些单词是很容易拼错的。如：invited，invented，written，writen，envelope，truth，true，field，usually，pronounce，pronunciation，completely，fourteen，forty，whether，weather，soldier，speech，grammar，conductor，comfortably，college，continent，collar，cigarette，achieve，argument，a- chievement，announcement，fortunate等等。这些单词看似熟悉，但拼写时很容易错写、漏写或者多写个别字母。因此，在平时的训练中要对易错词多加关注，以避免出现拼写错误。
三、练习题
1. A s____________ line is the shortest distance between two points.
2. I didn’t have a pen, soI used a pencil i_________.
3. Rice is grown in China, Japan and other A______ countries.
4. The curtains are made from a very expensive m .
5. Our victory was c___________ with music and dancing.
6. Everyone thought he was j, but in fact he was completely serious.
7. Besides English, he can speak some other f________ languages.
8. The win the hills can change very quickly, so take suitable clothes.
9. Rose is my true friend and I shall s_______ happiness and sorrow with her.
10. Betty never tells a lie and you can always believe her and t__________ her.
11. As we know, British English is a little d________ from American English.
12. The United Nations is an i____________ organization which tries to solve problems between countries.
13. Wang Wei is really s_________ because she never listens to other’s opinion.
14. During the Tangshan earthquake many people died or were i_________.
15. Earthquake is a terrible d__________ and it often happens when people are sleeping.
16. Mandela is a modern h________ who helped the black people to get the same rights.
17. The telephone rang, and he answered it i____________.
18. Zhejiang is f____________ for tea and silk.
19. Cabbage, carrots, and tomatoes are my favorite v____________.
20. Pauline had a ring on her f____________, so I guessed she was married.
21. The article was w____________ in German and translated into Chinese.
22. Martin i____________ me to the New Year’s party and introduced me to his friends.
23. The rain c____________ for days, so we could not go out to play.
24. Fill in the form with your name, home a____________, and phone number.
25. Modern m____________ has cured many diseases that used to kill many people.
26. Our next-door n____________ says she’ll look after our cat while we’re away.
27. Letting the water run while you brush your teeth w_________ water.
28. Alexander Graham Bell i _________ the telephone.
29. She has written many articles for a popular women’s m_________ .
30. Eric came running into the room, out of b_________.
31. The curtains are made from a very expensive m_________ .
32. The only piece of f_________ he has in his room is a bed.
33. Bread is c_________in his shop; it costs twice as much across the street.
34. Everyone thought he was j_________ , but in fact he was completely serious.
35. Boys and girls are e_________ , and thus they should be treated fairly.
36. The w_________ in the hills can change very quickly, so take suitable clothes.
Keys: 三、1.straight 2.instead 3.Asian 4.material 5.celebrated 6.joking 7.foreign 8.weather 9.share 10.trust 11.different 12.international 13.stubborn 14.injured 15.disaster 16.hero 17.immediately 18.famous 19. vegetables 20.finger 21.written 22.invited 23.continued 24.address 25. medicine 26.neighbor/ neighbour 27.wastes 28.invented 29.magazine 30. breath 31.material 32.furniture 33.cheap (cheaper) 34.joking 35.equal 36.weather
