访问学者申请【爱尔兰―圣贤与学者之国】

　　Ireland is a country with a dynamic and modern economy, but where history is so well preserved it is almost tangible. Its landscape is diverse and hauntingly beautiful. From heather covered mountains to dense wooded glens, dramatic coastline scenery to windswept bog lands, there is a breathtaking sight around every corner. If Ireland"s beauty is its scenery, then its people are its charm. People famed for their hospitality and their love of conversation, the Irish know how to appreciate the joy of living in the moment. This joy will infect the visitor too and Ireland, once visited, will never be forgotten.
　　爱尔兰是一个拥有强劲而又现代的经济的国家，不过，历史在那里保存得非常完善，几乎触手可及。该国的风景呈多元化，拥有醉人之美。从石南花覆盖的山峦到树木茂密的幽谷，从壮丽的海岸风光到大风肆虐的沼泽之地，叹为观止的景致遍及每一个角落。如果爱尔兰的美在于它的风光，那么该国民众就是其魅力所在。爱尔兰民众以其好客和健谈而著称，他们知道如何在生活中及时行乐。而这种享乐也会影响到游客，只要来爱尔兰一次，就再难以将这里忘怀了。
　　
　　Climate
　　Although situated in the northwest of Europe, Ireland is warmed by the waters of the Atlantic Gulf Stream and enjoys a relatively mild climate. Ireland is famous, however, for its large amount of rainfall, and no matter what time of year you go, you are sure to experience rain. In Ireland, rain can come in the form of a light drizzle that barely wets your clothes, or a heavy downpour that batters your windows. Rain can last from five minutes to several days. It is due to this wet climate that Ireland is home to beautiful lakes and rivers, and has a lush green landscape. Furthermore, from bus stops to shops to pubs, the capricious nature of the weather is a constant topic of conversation.
　　
　　Cities
　　Ireland"s cities are its cultural centres and provide excellent bases for excursions into the beautiful countryside.
　　
　　气候
　　虽然爱尔兰坐落在欧洲的西北部，但大西洋湾流使其变得和暖，享有一个相对温和的气候。不过，爱尔兰却是以其雨量丰沛而著称的，无论你是在一年中的什么时候前去，你肯定都会赶上下雨的。在爱尔兰，降雨形式可能是刚刚将你衣服润湿的毛毛细雨，也可能是把你的窗户击得粉碎的倾盆大雨。降雨会持续5分钟到几天不等。由于这种潮湿的气候，爱尔兰才享有了美丽的湖泊与河流，拥有了郁郁葱葱的绿色风景。而且，从公交车站到商店，再到酒馆，天气的反复无常永远都是一个话题。
　　
　　城市
　　爱尔兰的城市是其文化的中心，并且为在优美乡村进行远足活动提供了绝好的驻足之所。
　　
　　Dublin
　　The capital city boasts elegant Georgian houses, streets, squares and parks, atmospheric pubs and superb restaurants, one of Europe"s most exciting music scenes, a living literary heritage and a cosmopolitan shopping experience and so many attractions you would need several holidays to enjoy them all.
　　Though most visitors are too busy on a pub crawl to see anything else, there are other things to see and do outside of the centuries-old tradition of drinking Guinness. A visit to the 16th Century Trinity College to see the ancient illustrated manuscript, the Book of Kells, is a must. Dublin"s long history can be appreciated in its architecture, with Christchurch Cathedral and Dublin Castle serving as good examples. Grafton Street, a long pedestrian street in the city centre, is ideal for a shopping spree. And if Ireland"s drinking culture is what really interests you, a Guinnes Brewery tour will be a truly enjoyable experience.
　　
　　 都柏林
　　这座首都城市引以为豪的是：幽雅的乔治亚式屋舍、街道、广场和公园，有情调的酒馆和豪华的餐馆，欧洲最令人兴奋的音乐环境之一，延续不断的文学传统，国际化的购物体验，以及你需要用若干个假期才能尽享的名胜。
　　虽然大多数游客都忙于在各个酒馆中游走而无暇再做观光，但除了体会这个拥有数百年历史的喝吉尼斯啤酒的传统外，还有其它东西值得去看、去做。前往建于16世纪的圣三一学院，来参观一下古代的插图手绘本《凯尔斯之书》，是绝对不能错过的。在那里的建筑中可以品味到都柏林的悠久历史，而耶稣大教堂和都柏林城堡就是很好的例证。格雷夫顿大街――位于市中心的一条长长的步行街，是疯狂购物的理想场所。如果爱尔兰的饮酒文化真的就是你的兴趣所在，那么参观吉尼斯酿酒厂确实会是一次令人愉悦的体验。
　　
　　 Galway
　　Galway is one of the fastest growing cities in Europe. Despite its relatively small size, Galway is a cosmopolitan city with great shopping, food and nightlife. Its medieval streets reflect its long history and it sits on the doorstep to some of Ireland"s most wild and rugged scenery. "The City of Tribes" is most famous for its festivals which attract visitors from all over the world. These festivals include the Galway Races, the International Oyster Festival, and the Galway International Arts Festival.
　　
　　 戈尔维
　　戈尔维是欧洲发展最迅速的城市之一。尽管地域相对较小，但戈尔维是一个在购物、饮食和夜生活上都很出位的国际化都市。该市的中世纪街道折射出了其历史的悠久，而且它与爱尔兰一些最狂野粗犷的风光之地相毗邻。这座“部落之城”最负盛名的是其节庆活动，这些活动吸引了世界各地的游客。这些节庆活动包括“戈尔维赛马会”、“国际牡蛎节”，以及“戈尔维国际艺术节”。
　　
　　Cork
　　The Irish Republic"s second city is a great base for the gorgeous scenery of the rural areas to its west. The city is built on an island in between two channels of the River Lee. It offers the visitor a few cathedrals, lots of churches, a museum that reflects the role of "the Rebel City" in Ireland"s independence struggle and a very lively nightlife. This year, Cork is celebrating its award of European Capital of Culture, which means there will be lots of activities. For more info visit: www.cork2005.ie.
　　
　　科克
　　这个爱尔兰共和国的第二大城市为前往该市西部游览绚丽的乡村风光提供了一个绝佳的驻足之所。该市建在“丽河”两条河道间的一座岛屿上。游客在那里会看到一些大教堂、许多教堂、一座反映了（该市）在爱尔兰独立斗争中“抗争之城”地位的博物馆，以及非常活跃的夜生活。今年，科克将为其获得“欧洲文化之都”称号而举行庆祝，这意味着那里将举办许多活动。欲知详情，请登陆www.cork2005.ie。
　　
　　The Landscape
　　To give a worthy account of Ireland"s landscape attractions would require a book in itself. The following are a few examples:
　　
　　风景
　　要对爱尔兰的风景名胜做一个详尽的描述，就要写满一本书。以下列举了几处名胜：
　　
　　The Ring of Kerry
　　The Ring of Kerry is a circular route around some of the most unspoilt and magical mountain and lake scenery in Ireland. It has been a tourist attraction for hundreds of years and takes in several fascinating towns and villages, as well as providing a base for outdoor pursuits, such as fishing, golf and mountain climbing.
　　
　　 克俐环
　　克俐环是环绕在爱尔兰某些保存得最完好、奇幻色彩最浓的山峦和湖泊风景之地的道路。它数百年来一直是游览胜地，途经一些迷人的乡镇与村落，为钓鱼、打高尔夫和爬山等室外活动提供了驻足之所。
　　
　　 The Cliffs of Moher
　　Dramatic and wild, the beauty of the Shannon region of Ireland is best exemplified in the sheer Cliffs of Moher. From high up in O"Brien"s Tower, you can watch these spectacular cliffs dive dizzyingly downwards to the crashing waves of the Atlantic. The nearby golden beaches and the prehistoric scenery of the Burren, a limestone desert with dazzlingly colourful wild flowers, are also sure to captivate.
　　
　　 The Aran Islands
　　The Aran Islands comprise of three elongated limestone islands exposed to the fury of the North Atlantic. Mysterious prehistoric ruins, Early-Christian monuments and thousand year-old stone walls characterise the rare and terrible beauty of these islands. The Aran Islands are also a stronghold of indigenous Irish culture, and it is here that visitors may still hear the ancient Irish language being spoken.
　　
　　 Newgrange
　　Newgrange is a 5000 year old monument in the midlands of Ireland. This mysterious structure seems to have been erected in honour of the sun. On the shortest day of the year, every year, at noon, the sun shines through its entrance, along its passageway, illuminating its central chamber for fifteen minutes. Not much else is really known or understood about Newgrange. This area also has several elegant garden parks converted into public areas from what were once the private mansions of Ireland"s ruling class.
　　
　　莫何尔悬崖
　　最能诠释爱尔兰香侬地区壮丽狂野之美的便是陡峭的莫何尔悬崖。高高地站在“奥白兰之塔”上，你可以看到这些雄壮的悬崖赫然俯垂而下，与大西洋的惊涛骇浪交汇在一处。而附近的黄金海滩，以及布伦史前景观这一遍布绚彩野花的石灰石荒原，也必定会令人着迷。
　　
　　阿兰群岛
　　阿兰群岛由置于北大西洋肆虐之下的三个狭长石灰石岛屿组成。神秘的史前遗迹、基督教早期的纪念碑和拥有千年历史的石墙，就是这些岛屿那罕见和极至之美的表现。阿兰群岛还是爱尔兰本土文化的一个堡垒，正是在这里，游客们可以继续倾听古爱尔兰语的声音。
　　
　　新庄园
　　新庄园是爱尔兰中部地区一座拥有5000年历史的纪念馆。这个神秘的建筑似乎是为了表达对太阳的敬意而建。每年，在一年中最短的那一天的正午时分，太阳的光芒会穿过这里的门廊，沿走道一路前进，将中央大厅照亮达15分钟之久。关于新庄园的其它事情，就真的没有什么可以知晓或了解的了。这一地区还把一些雅致的花园式公园改成了公共场地，而这些园林曾是爱尔兰统治阶级私人官邸的所在地。
　　
　　Salmon
　　Fishing is a popular activity for tourists in Ireland. Thousands of visitors arrive each year hoping to do battle with the majestic wild salmon. The salmon is a prominent symbol in Irish mythology and, before the introduction of the Euro, was featured on Irish coins. To witness the wild salmon leaping up waterfalls on their return to their spawning grounds is an unforgettable experience. Likewise, eating smoked salmon, served on freshly baked brown bread and washed down with a creamy pint of Guinness is a pleasurable experience too!
　　
　　The Gift of the Gab
　　The Irish are credited with being masters at the art of conversation. A visit to Blarney Castle in Cork can offer the visitor the same skill of banter as the locals. There is a stone in this castle and legend has it that whoever kisses the stone will receive the gift of the gab. The word "blarney" has since developed to mean skilful flattery or nonsense.
　　
　　 鲑鱼
　　在爱尔兰，钓鱼是一项受到游客欢迎的活动。每年会有数以千计的游客前来，期望着与野生的王者之鱼――鲑鱼斗上一斗。鲑鱼在爱尔兰神话中是一个重要的象征物，在启用欧元之前，曾出现在爱尔兰的硬币上。目睹野生鲑鱼在返回其产卵场的途中跃上瀑布，是一次难忘的体验。同样，就着一品脱浓浓的吉尼斯啤酒，吃着放在新烤的黑面包上的熏鲑鱼也是一次令人愉悦的体验！
　　
　　 伶牙俐齿
　　爱尔兰人被看作是会话艺术的大师。去科克的“布拉尼城堡”参观，可以使游客获得与当地人一样的谈笑技巧。在这个城堡里有一块石头，传说称，无论是谁亲吻了这块石头都会获得一副伶牙俐齿。（这个传说产生）之后，“blarney”这个词就演变成为“巧妙的谄媚或废话”的意思。
　　
　　Useful Info 实用信息
　　Money
　　The currency in use in Ireland is the Euro. Visa, Mastercard and American Express credit cards are widely accepted. Banks are open Mon-Fri, 10AM-4:30PM.
　　货币
　　爱尔兰使用的货币是欧元。维萨卡、万事达卡和美国运通卡可广为使用。银行的营业时间是，周一到周五，上午10点到下午4点30。
　　
　　Driving
　　One of the best ways to see Ireland is by car. A full national driving license is required. Driving is on the left side of the road and seatbelts must be worn by all passengers, front and back. For more info on recommended driving routes ask for the Touring Ireland by Car brochures at a Tourism Ireland centre.
　　驾驶
　　在爱尔兰观光的最佳方式之一就是开车。这就需要一个正本的全国驾驶执照。驾驶时是在马路左侧行驶，前排和后排的所有乘客都必须佩带安全带。如要获得有关推荐行车路线的更多信息，请在“爱尔兰旅游中心”索要《开车畅游爱尔兰》手册。
　　
　　爱尔兰旅游局的联系方式
　　网站：www.省略
　　电话：021-62798788
　　
　　dynamic /dai`n2mik/ adj.有活力的
　　tangible /`t2n_ib(9)l/ adj.可触摸的；有形的
　　hauntingly /`h5ntiMli/ adv.常浮现于脑海中地；不易忘怀地
　　glen /Glen/ n.峡谷；幽谷
　　bog /b4G/ n.沼泽
　　drizzle /`drizl/ n.细雨
　　downpour /`daunp5(r)/ n.大雨
　　batter /bAt9/ v.接连重击；敲碎
　　lush /l7H/ adj.青葱的
　　capricious /k9`priH9s/ adj.反复无常的
　　excursion /iks`k8H9n/ n.远足；短程旅行
　　heritage /`heriti_/ n.传统；遗产
　　cosmopolitan /,k4zm9`p4lit9n/ adj.世界性的；全球(各地)的
　　illustrated /`il9streitid/ adj.有插图的
　　manuscript /`m2njuskript/ n.手稿；原稿
　　pedestrian /pe`destri9n/ n.步行者
　　spree /spr1/ n.无节制的狂热行为
　　brewery /`br69ri/ n.酿酒厂
　　
　　gorgeous /`G5_9s/ adj.华丽的；灿烂的
　　cathedral /k9`F1dr9l/ n.大教堂
　　rugged /`r7Gid/ adj.粗糙的
　　oyster /`4ist9/ n.牡蛎
　　exemplify /iG`zemplifai/ vt.举例说明
　　dive /daiv/ vi.俯冲；猛地伸入
　　limestone /`laimst9un/ n.石灰石
　　elongate /`1l4MGeit/ v.拉长；伸长
　　stronghold /`str4Mh.ld/ n.要塞；堡垒
　　indigenous /in`di_in9s/ adj.本土的
　　midland /`midl9nd/ n.中部地方
　　illuminate /i`l(mineit/ vt.照明；照亮
　　chamber /`tHeimb9/ n.室；房间
　　convert /k9n`v8t/ vt.使转变
　　mansion /`m2nH9n/ n.大厦；官邸
　　banter /`b2nt9/ n.逗弄；戏谑
　　flattery /`fl2t9ri/ n.谄媚；阿谀