初中英语主要句式典型正误辨析 初中英语阅读理解判断正误教学设计
时间：2019-01-10 03:23:42 来源：柠檬阅读网 本文已影响 人 
［误］ The stories in that book was written many years ago. ［正］ The stories in that book were written many years ago.
［析］ 作主语的名词、代词或不定式、动名词，它们往往要带有修饰词，这些词可能是形容词，也可能是短语，但谓语动词还是要取决于这个主语的数。要记住的是，一个名词不可能在同一句中作两个不同的语法成分。如： book 作了 of 的介词宾语则不可能再作主语了。
［误］ To read many books are good for you.
［正］ To read many books is good for you.
［析］ 不定式作主语应该看作单数主语。
［误］ What he said are right.
［正］ What he said is right.
［析］ 从句作主语一定要按单数主语看待。
［误］ The rich is not always happy.
［正］ The rich are not always happy.
［析］ 定冠词+形容词表示一类人，谓语动词应用复数，如： The young are very interested in study and sports.
［误］ The school master and writer are coming.
［正］ The school master and writer is coming.
［析］ 本句应译为：校长兼作家就要来了。而 The school master and the writer are coming 则要译为：校长和一个作家要来了。在英语表达法中确实有 The girl and boy are playing on the grass,这应译为：一个女孩和一个男孩在操场上玩。因为这样两个概念作用在一个人身上。又如： the husband and wife 夫妻二人。
［误］ You or she go to get some water for us.
［正］ You or she goes to get some water for us.
［析］ 由 or 连接的两个主语应以离谓语动词近的那一个计算其单复数。这样的用法还有 either ... or，neither ... nor， not only ... but also... 。
［误］ The teacher with a lot of students come into the classroom.
［正］ The teacher with a lot of students comes
into theclassroom.
［析］ 真正的主语是 the teacher，而 with 短语是伴随状态，不影响主语的数。
［误］ My glasses is broken.
［正］ My glasses are broken.
［误］ This pair of glasses are good.
［正］ This pair of glasses is good.
［误］ These kinds of butter is good.
［正］ These kinds of butter are good.
［析］ 英语中有些名词只有复数形式，如： glasses 眼镜， shorts 短裤等。如没有量词在前时，谓语动词要用复数，但有了量词之后则要按量词的单复数计算。
［误］ What a hot weather it is!
［误］ How hot the weather it is!
［正］ What hot weather it is!
［正］ How hot the weather is!
［析］ 感叹句用来表达说话人的喜怒哀乐的感情。它由 what 与 how 作句子的开始，判定是用 what 还是用 how 的最好办法是将它们换为陈述句，比如： What the hot weather it is 应转换为 It is the hot weather那么句子的起点是单词 it， 而感叹句中 it 前有不可数名词 weather， 则只能用 what。 再看第二句 How hot the weather is 转为陈述句时为：The weather is hot, 这时句子的开始单词为 the weather， 而在 the weather 前只有形容词，所以应用 how。 至于是用 what a 还是 what 要看名词的具体情况而定，单数可数名词加 what a ,其余的都用 what。
［误］ We have to sing this, have we?
［误］ We have to sing this, haven"t we?
［正］ We have to sing this, don"t we?
［析］ 在反意疑问句中除了标准的一些常规外，还有一些例外：
She had to leave, didn"t she?
Do your homework at once, will you?
There is not much good news in today"s newspaper, is there?
Neither of them are right, are they?
I think he will come to the party, won"t he?
think 后的宾语从句，与其他宾语从句不一样，在初中只有这样一个较特殊的词。这样的句子的反意疑问句的主语要用宾语从句中的主语，其助动词要用宾语从句的助动词，而肯定还是否定要看主句谓语动词而定，如： I don"t think he is coming to our party, is he?
［误］ I want to know where does he live.
［正］ I want to know where he lives.
［析］ 宾语从句中一律要用陈述语序，而不用疑问语序。
［误］ I haven"t got a ticket for the football match. Nor I have.
［正］ I haven"t got a ticket for the football match. Nor (Neither) have I.
［析］ nor， neither 用在简答否定句中时要采用倒装语序。在肯定句的简答句中则要用so， 如： I do my homework very quickly. So does Mary.
［误］ Look! Here the bus comes!
［正］ Look! Here comes the bus!
［误］ Look! Here comes he!
［正］ Look! Here he comes.
［析］ 在 there， here 打头的句子中，如果主语是名词，则要采用倒装语序；如果是人称代词则用一般语序。
［误］ Do you want Mary to go to the cinema with us?No， I don"t hope so.
［正］ Do you want Mary to go to the cinema with us?No， I hope not.
［析］ 我不这样想，可用 I don"t think so， 但 hope 的否定简答句只能用
I hope not这是习惯用法。但这两个词的肯定简答句形式是一样的，如： I think so. I hope so.
［误］ That is difficult for us to learn English well.
［正］ It is difficult for us to learn English well.
［析］ It 在这里的语法作用是形式主语，而真正的主语是后面的不定式。形式主语和形式宾语都要用 it 而不能用 that， 如： I think it difficult to learn English well. it 在这句中是 think 的形式宾语。
● 编辑/丁俊玲
