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    冠词中考题_从两道中考题谈冠词的误用

    时间:2018-12-24 03:28:41 来源:柠檬阅读网 本文已影响 柠檬阅读网手机站

      请看下列两道中考题   1. ―you've dropped__________“s”in the world.(2005年江苏省徐州市)   ―Oh,sorry.__________letter“s”should be doubled like this “glass”.
      A. a;A B. an;A C. an,The D. the,The
      2. Do you think English is__________useful language.(2005年湖南省常德市)
      A. the B. an C. a D. 不填
      以上两题旨在考查学生对冠词用法的掌握情况。在英语词汇大家族中,冠词虽然只有三个成员但其能量却不可等闲视之。它的用法既是历年各地中考试题的考查热点,也是令英语学习者颇为头疼的难点。本文列举了同学们在运用英语进行书面表达和口语交际时常见的冠词误用实例,以正、误、析的形式对此类错误加以诊断,以期能帮助同学们走出误区,正确使用冠词。
      
      一、 会后我们将看一场电影
      
      误After meeting we're going to see a film.
      正After the meeting we're going to see a film.
      析英语和汉语不同,可数名词单数前如无形容词性物主代词(如my,your等)、名词所有格(如是Jim's,Mr King's等)、指示代词(如this,those等)、不定代词(如some,any等)、数词等修饰时,应加不定冠词a或an表法泛指,或加定冠词the表示特指。例如:
      Where's the book?书在哪儿?
      The teacher told us not to play football on the road.老师叫我们不要在马路上踢足球。
      An orange is orange.桔子是橙色的。
      
      二、今天是汤姆的十六岁生日
      
      误Today is Tom's the sixteenth birthday.
      正Today is Tom's sixteenth's birthday.
      析序数词、形容词最高级用在句子或短语中前面通常加定冠词the。但如果它们前面已有作定语用的形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、指示代词和不定代词等,不可再加定冠词。再如:
      He is the youngest in our class.他是我们班年龄最小的。
      This coat is my dearest one.这件外套是我最贵的一件。
      
      三、 单词“hour”中含有字母“u”和“r”
      
      误There is an “u”and a “r”in the word “hour”.
      正There is a “u” andan “r”in the word “hour”.
      析a用在以辅音开头的字母或单词前面,如a “c”,a student,a used car(一辆二手车),a useful book,a one-eyed dog,a university(大学),a European(欧洲人)等;an用在以元音开头的字母或单词前面,如an“a”,an“h”an apple,an hour,an interesting story,an English book等。注意:这里所说的辅音和元音是指音(sound)而言,而不是指字母(letter)。u尽管是元音字母,但其读音以辅音[j]开头,所以前面用a;r虽然是辅音字母,但其读音是元音[a:],故前面用an。
      
      四、 我既不会弹钢琴,也不会拉小提琴,但我会踢足球
      
      误I can play neither piano nor violin,but I can play the football.
      正I can play neither the piano nor the violin,but I can play football.
      析动词play的宾语如果是一种乐器,一般需要用定冠词,如play the flute(吹笛子),play the piano,play the violin等;如果play的宾语是一种球类运动或游戏,则不用冠词,如play basketball,play volleyball,play pingpong等。
      
      五、 他吃过晚饭就来看我们
      
      误He will come to see us after the supper.
      正He will come to see us after supper.
      析dinner,breakfast,lunch,supper,tea等作为一般的或抽象的餐名时,前面不用冠词。但如果breakfast/lunch/supper前有形容词修饰时,必须加冠词。例如:
      After a quick breakfast,we took a bus to Mount Emei.匆匆忙忙吃完早饭之后,我们乘汽车去了峨眉山。
      
      六、 多么有趣的工作啊
      
      误What an interesting work!
      正What interesting work!
      析work,music,business,weather等抽象名词和food,air,water,rice,tea,hair,milk等物质名词是不可数名词,前面不用冠词。
      
      七、 今天是9月10日,老师节
      
      误Today is September 10th,the Teachers'Day.
      正Today is September 10th,Teachers'Day.
      析周日、月份、季节和节日的名词前一般不用冠词。例如:
      We go to school every day except Saturday and Sunday.除了星期六和星期天,我们每天都去上学。
      There are 28or 29 days in February.二月份有28天或29天。
      It's very cold in winter.冬天很冷。
      We'll have a party on Christmas Day.我们将在圣诞节举行一场聚会。
      
      八、 当我们谈到宇宙时,我们指的是地球、太阳、月亮和星星,以及它们之间的太空
      
      误When we talk about the universe,we mean the earth,the sun,moon and the stars,and the space between them.
      正When we talk aboutthe universe,we mean the earth,the sun,the moon and the stars,and the space between them.
      析在表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前,必须用定冠词。如the sun,the earth,the moon,the land,the world等。
      
      九、 淮河以北将有大风
      
      误There will be a strong wind to north of Huai river.
      正There will be a strong wind to the north of the Huai River.
      析①方位词前通常加定冠词the,例如:
      Taiwan is in the east of China.台湾位于中国的东部。
      ②在江河、山脉、海洋、湖泊等名称前必须用定冠词,如the Huanghe River(黄河),the West Lake(西湖),the Himalaya Mountains(喜马拉雅山),the Red Sea(红海)等。
      
      十、 我有两个哥哥,一个是医生,另一个是警察
      
      误I have two brothers.One is a doctor.Other is a policeman.
      正I have two brothers.One is a doctor,the other is a policeman.
      析在固定范围内指另一个必须加定冠词the。此外,the same,the rest(余下的)等也有the。例如:
      We're in the same class.我们在同一个班。
      You may take the rest away.你可以把余下的拿走。
      
      十一、 桌子上有只苹果,它是只大红苹果
      
      误There is an apple on the table.It's the big red apple.
      正There is an apple on the table.It's a big red apple.
      析上文出现过的人呀物在下文中再次提及时,要用定冠词the,例如:
      There is a picture on the wall.There is a big tree in the picture,Under the tree there is a lovely cat.墙上有幅图画,画上有棵大树,树下有只可爱的小猫。
      尽管第二句中的apple是再次提到,但由于加了新的限定词big red,所以前面不可用定冠词the。
      
      十二、 那位老师兼作家明天将给我们作报告
      
      误The teacher and the writer are going to give us a talk tomorrow.
      正The teacher and writer is going to give us a talk tomorrow.
      析表示同时兼有两种以上身份的同一个人时,只须在第一个名词前加the,且谓语动词用单数。“The teacher and the writer are going to give us a talk tomorrow.”意为“教师和作家将在明天给我们作报告。”
      
      试试中考题
      
      ()1.―What does your father do?(南京)
       ―He is__________art teacher.
       A. a B. an C. the D. 不填
      ()2. ―Put_______waste bag in the dustbin.
       ―It's not_______waste bag.It's my shopping bag.
       A. a;the B. the;aC. 不填;a D. 不填;the
      ()3. That's__________useful book.I have read it already.(甘肃)
       A. the B. an C. / D.a
      ( )4. ―Do you have__________bike?―Sorry,I don't have one.(四川)
       A. aB. theC. 不填
      ()5. This is __________song I've told you about.Isn't
       itbeautiful one?(江西)
       A. the,the B. a,aC. the,a D. a,the
      ()6. ―Did you do well in __________English exam?
       ―Yes,I got__________“A”.(广东东莞、中山)
       A. the,an B. an,the C. a,不填 D. the,a
      ()7. ―What can I do for you,madam?
       ―I want__________orange skirt for my daughter.Have you got any?(济南)
       A. an B. the C. a D. /
      ()8. Pass me_______dictionary next to the radio,and I also need_______pen to take some notes.(呼和浩特)
       A. a;a B. the;the C. a;the D. the;a
      ()9. ―Can I help you,madam?
       ―I'm looking for_______pair of shoes for my daughter.(南京)
       A. theB. anC. a D. some
      ()10. Mr Smith always giver me_______hand when I am in trouble.(杭州)
       A. a B. anC. theD. 不填
      ()11. ―Where's Xiao Ming?
       ―He's having_______rest over there.(福州)
       A. a B. an C. the D. 不填
      ()12._______sugar on the table is yours.Mine is in the box.(锦阳市)
       A. 不填 B. The C. A D. Some of
      ()13. We often have sports after class,and I like to play__________basketball.(北京海淀)
       A. a B. an C. the D. 不填
      ()14. What__________fine weather we have these days!(天津)
       A. a B. the C. / D. an
      
      答案
      1~5 BBDAC6~10 AADCA11~14 ABDC
      (责任编辑胡新秀)

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