2009年高考英语时态考题分类指津:高考英语十大时态

　　一、考查一般现在时 　　 　　考点指津:按理说,一般现在时是所有时态中最基本也是最简单的用法,而高考英语对一般现在时的考查也大多涉及其基本用法,但所涉及的句子结构均有一定的难度,也就是说,命题者喜欢在有一定难度的句子背景下考查一般现在时的基本用法。
　　1. My parents have promised to come to see me before Ifor Africa. (2009年辽宁卷)
　　A. have left
　　B. leave
　　C. left
　　D. will leave
　　【解析】B。根据主句使用的时态和句意可推知,说话者还没去非洲,故可排除选项A和C;又因为时间状语从句要用一般现在时表示将来,故可排除D。句意为:我父母亲答应,在我动身去非洲前来看我。
　　2. According to the literary review, Shakespeare _____ his characters live through their language in his plays. (2009年福建卷)
　　A. will make B. had made
　　C. was making D. makes
　　【解析】D。由于莎士比亚属于历史名人,要描述他当时的情况,可用一般现在时或一般过去时。由于选项中没有一般过去时,所以选一般现在时。句意为:据文学评论所说,莎士比亚通过戏剧中的语言让他的人物角色栩栩如生。句中引用文学评论,因此用一般现在时。又如:According to the Bible,God creates [created] man in his image. 据《圣经》所叙,上帝按自己的形象创造了人。
　　3. At present,one of the arguments in favor of the new airport _____ that it will bring a lot of jobs to the area. (2009年江西卷)
　　A. is B. are C. will be D. was
　　【解析】A。one of...作主语时,表示单数意义,故可排除复数谓语are;再根据句意及句中时态判断,空格处应用一般现在时。句意为:目前,对新机场比较有利的一个论点是,它可以给这个地区带来很多就业机会。又如:One of the annoyances of working here is the difficulty of parking near the office. 在这里工作有一件伤脑筋的事,就是在办公处附近很难停车。
　　4. My parents ______ in Hong Kong. They were born there and have never lived anywhere else. (2009年天津卷)
　　A. live B. lived C. were living D. will live
　　【解析】A。根据第二句用的现在完成时态可知,说话者的父母亲现在还健在,因此排除选B和C;再根据第二句句意――他们出生在香港并从未在其他任何地方居住过――可推断他们目前还在香港居住,故选A。
　　5. Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future ______ to the well-educated. (2009年重庆卷)
　　A. belongs B. is belonged
　　C. is belonging D. will be belonged
　　【解析】A。belong为不及物动词,常与介词to连用,不用于进行时或被动语态,据此可排除选项B、C、D。句意为:威廉斯教授总是告诫他的学生:未来属于受过良好教育的人。又如:He waltzes in and out as if the house belongs to him. 他大摇大摆地出来进去,好像这所房子是他的一样。
　　
　　二、考查一般过去时
　　
　　考点指津:一般过去时是高考英语中一个十分重要的考点,命题者通常会将该考点置于特定的语境中进行考查,考生尤其要注意“我原认为……”这类使用一般过去时的命题背景。
　　1. ―Do you want a lift home?
　　―It’s very kind of you,but I have to work late in the office. I overslept this morning because my alarm clock ______. (2009年江西卷)
　　A. doesn’t go off B. won’t go off
　　C. wasn’t going off D. didn’t go off
　　【解析】D。根据句意可知,“闹钟没响”属过去的情况,故可排除选项A和B;而选项C表示过去正在进行的动作,也与句意不符。句意为:“要搭顺风车回家吗?”“你真好,但是我得在办公室工作晚点再走。因为闹钟没响,我早上睡过头了。”
　　2. ―You speak very good French!
　　―Thanks. I ______ French in Sichuan University for four years. (2009年四川卷)
　　A. studied B. study
　　C. was studying D. had studied
　　【解析】A。根据句意及句中时间状语for four years可推知,空格处该用一般过去时或现在完成时;由于选项中没有现在完成时,故用一般过去时。
　　3. ― The food here is nice enough.
　　―My friend ______ me a right place. (2009年湖南卷)
　　A. introduces B. introduced
　　C. had introduced D. was introducing
　　【解析】B。因“介绍”餐馆发生在对话之前,故用一般过去时。
　　4. Edward,you play so well. But I ______ you played the piano. (2009年全国卷I)
　　A. didn’t know B. hadn’t known
　　C. don’t know D. haven’t known
　　【解析】A。根据句意可知,说话者是“过去”不知道,现在已经知道了,因此句子用一般过去时。句意为:爱德华,你弹得太好了。但我之前不知道你会弹钢琴。又如:Hello! I didn’t know you were in London. How long have you been here? 你好!我之前不知道你在伦敦。你在这里多久了?
　　5. Scientists have many theories about how the universe ______ into being. (2009年北京卷)
　　A. came B. was coming C. had come D. would come
　　【解析】A。根据常识可知,宇宙的形成是发生在过去,故用一般过去时。句意为:关于宇宙如何形成的,科学家们有很多推测。又如:When did the world come into being? 世界是何时开始存在的?
　　6. When I talked with my grandma on the phone,she sounded weak,but by the time we ______ up,her voice had been full of life. (2009年北京卷)
　　A. were hanging B. had hung
　　C. hung D. would hang
　　【解析】C。句意为:当我在电话里和奶奶聊天时,她的声音听起来很虚弱;但到我们要挂电话时,她的声音又充满朝气。从逻辑上说,应该是“奶奶的声音又充满朝气”在先,“我们挂断电话”在后,如果是反过来的话,那说话者就无法知道“奶奶的声音又充满朝气”这回事了。所以“挂断电话”应用一般过去时。另外,由于by the time后接的定语从句通常要用一般现在时代替一般将来时,用一般过去时代替过去将来时,所以选项D不能选。
　　7. I was out of town at the time, so I don’t know exactly how it ______. (2009年山东卷)
　　A. was happening B. happened
　　C. happens D. has happened
　　【解析】B。根据前面句中的一般过去时was可知,事情发生在过去,所以happen也宜用一般过去时。句意为:当时我不在镇上,所以我不是很清楚事情是怎么发生的。
　　8. ―What do you think of the movie?
　　―It’s fantastic. The only pity is that I ______ the beginning. (2009年浙江卷)
　　A. missed B. had missed C. miss D. would miss
　　【解析】A。根据问句的意思(你觉得这部电影如何)可知,答话者已看了这部电影,所以“错过电影的开头”应用一般过去时。
　　9. ―I’ve got to go now.
　　―Must you? I ______ you could stay for dinner with us. (2009年重庆卷)
　　A. think B. thought
　　C. have thought D. am thinking
　　【解析】B。既然现在对方提出要走了,所以,以为对方要留下来吃饭的想法肯定就是过去的想法,故用一般过去时。I thought?郾?郾?郾在这类句型中通常译为“我原以为……”“我还以为……”。又如:I thought you’d be like your sister,but you’re quite different. 我本以为你会像你姐姐,但是你们俩完全不一样。
　　10. When he ______ the door,he found his keys were nowhere. (2009年湖南卷)
　　A. would open B. opened
　　C. had opened D. was to open
　　【解析】D。be to do sth可以表示计划或意图,根据后面一句的时态found,空格处应用was to do sth。句意为:他要开门时,发现钥匙不见了。又如:He was to say something more,and then checked himself. 他还想说几句的,却又止住了。这样的用法也可换成be about to do sth,如:I was about to go to bed when the telephone rang. 我正要睡觉,忽然电话响了。
　　
　　三、考查现在完成时
　　
　　考点指津:命题者对该考点的命题通常不外乎两个方面,一是考查现在完成时的两种基本用法(已完成用法和未完成用法),二是考查根据特定的“时态标志”判断现在完成时的使用。
　　1. ― What is the price of petrol these days?
　　―Oh,it ______ sharply since last month. (2009年江西卷)
　　A. is raised B. has risen C. has arisen D. is increased
　　【解析】B。根据句中的时间状语since last month可知,句子应用现在完成时,故可排除A和D。arise意为“出现,发生,(烟等)从……升起”;rise意为“(价格、温度、量等)上升,增加”。故选B。又如:It’s rained steadily since last Saturday. 自从上星期六以来一直下雨。
　　2. His sister left home in 1998,and ______ since. (2009年全国卷I)
　　A. had not been heard of B. has not been heard of
　　C. had not heard of D. has not heard of
　　【解析】B。根据句末的副词since可知,句子应用现在完成时,故可排除选项A和C;再根据his sister和谓语hear of之间的动宾关系,可确定答案为B。句意为:他妹妹1998年离家后再也没有消息。
　　3. Progress ______ so far very good and we’re sure that the work will be finished on time. (2009年全国卷Ⅱ)
　　A. was B. had been C. has been D. will be
　　【解析】C。根据句中so far(到目前为止)可知,句子应用完成式;再根据后面一句中的时态来判断,句子应用现在完成时。句意为:到目前为止进展非常顺利,我们相信这项工作将会如期完成。
　　4. This is the first time we ______ a film in the cinema together as a family. (2009年陕西卷)
　　A. see B. had seen C. saw D. have seen
　　【解析】D。根据英语习惯,在It / This / That is the first / second time +(that)...句型中,从句一般用现在完成时。句意为:这是我们作为一家人第一次在电影院看电影。又如:This is the first time I’ve seen you wearing a dress. 这是我第一次看到你穿连衣裙。
　　
　　四、考查过去进行时
　　
　　考点指津:过去进行时在高考英语中考查较少,2009年只有一道题,2008年稍多一点,也只有4道题。该考点一般涉及过去进行时的基本用法(过去某时或某段时间一直在进行的动作或发生的情况)。
　　During the period of recent terrorist activities,peoplenot to touch any unattended bag. (2009年上海卷)
　　A. had always been warned B. were always being warned
　　C. are always warning D. always warned
　　【解析】B。因people与warn之间为被动关系,故排除表主动意义的C和D;而选项A用的是过去完成时,表示在恐怖活动发生之前受到警告,不符句意。故只能选B。句意为:在近期几次恐怖活动中,人们总是一直受到警告不要碰任何无人看管的包。
　　
　　五、考查过去完成时
　　
　　考点指津:主要是在特定语境考查考生对“过去的过去”的正确理解。
　　1. Mary went to the box office at lunchtime,but all the tickets ______ out. (2009年上海卷)
　　A. would sell B. had sold C. have sold D. was selling
　　【解析】B。句意为:玛丽午餐时间去售票处,但所有的票都已售罄。很显然,票在玛丽到达前已售完,属于过去的过去,故用过去完成时。又如:I finally had to sell the car,but it had served its turn. 我最后只好把汽车卖了,不过也算是物尽其用了。
　　2. John was given the same suitcase his father and grandfather ______ with them to school. (2009年北京卷)
　　A. took B. had taken
　　C. were taking D. would take
　　【解析】B。根据句意,约翰的爸爸和爷爷使用这个皮箱,是发生在约翰得到这个皮箱之前,所以空格处应填过去完成时。句意为:约翰的爸爸和爷爷以前上学使用的皮箱,现在被拿给约翰使用了。
　　3. She stared at the painting,wondering where she ______ it. (2009年重庆卷)
　　A. saw B. has seen
　　C. sees D. had seen
　　【解析】D。因动词see所表示的动作先于stare和wonder,所以它要用过去完成时。答案选D。句意为:她盯着那幅画,琢磨着在哪儿看过它。
　　
　　六、考查将来进行时
　　
　　考点指津:高考对将来进行时考得不多,考生只需掌握其基本用法即可。
　　Daniel’s family ______ their holiday in Huangshan this time next week. (2009年安徽卷)
　　A. are enjoying B. are to enjoy
　　C. will enjoy D. will be enjoying
　　【解析】D。根据句中的时间状语this time next week(下周的这个时候)可知,句子应用将来进行时。句意为:下周此时,丹尼尔一家应正在黄山度假。又如:What will you be doing this time next week?下周这个时候你要做什么?
　　
　　七、考查现在完成进行时
　　
　　考点指津:高考对现在完成进行时的考查也不多,考生只需掌握其基本用法即可。
　　1. Excuse me,Marcia,a reporter from Vanity Fair ______ all day. Could you speak to her now? (2009年辽宁卷)
　　A. phones B. has phoned
　　C. has been phoning D. phoned
　　【解析】C。根据句中的时间状语all day和谓语动词phone的特点(为非延续性动词)可知,句子应用进行时态(表示动作不断重复),而选项中只有C为现在完成进行时。句意为:玛西娅,打搅你一下,有名来自《名利场》的记者一整天都在打电话来,你现在能和他说说吗?又如:She is very tired. She’s been typing letters all day. 她很累了。她整天都在打信件。
　　2. Over the past decades,sea ice ______ in the Arctic as a result of global warming. (2009年浙江卷)
　　A. had decreased B. decreased
　　C. has been decreasing D. is decreasing
　　【解析】C。介词短语“over the past [last]+时间段”的意思是“在过去的……时间中”,它指的是从过去某时持续到现在的一段时间,所以通常与现在完成时或现在完成进行时连用,故答案选C。句意为:过去几十年来,由于全球变暖,北极的海冰正慢慢消融。又如:Technology in this field has matured considerably over the last decade. 这一领域的技术经过过去10年的发展已经相当完善。
　　
　　八、综合考查多种时态
　　
　　考点指津:此类考题难度较大,主要考查考生在特定语境中综合运用不同时态的能力。
　　―Ann is in hospital.
　　―Oh,really?I ______ know. I ______ go and visit her. (2009年江苏卷)
　　A. didn’t;am going to
　　B. don’t;would
　　C. don’t;will
　　D. didn’t;will
　　【解析】D。根据句意,在此之前说话人不知道安住院了,因此第一空用一般过去时;说话人打算去看她,这个动作还没发生,因此第二空用一般将来时。注意be going to与will表示将来的区别:表示临时的决定,要用will,不用be going to。
　　(编辑 陈根花)