[连词]英语常用70个连接词
时间:2018-12-28 03:27:20 来源:柠檬阅读网 本文已影响 人
一、考点难点精讲 (一)连词的分类 1.根据连词本身的形式分类 根据其构成的形式,连词可以分为4类。 (1)简单连词
如:and(和),but(但是),or(或者),if(如果),before(在……以前),since(自从,既然)等。
(2)关联连词
如:both…and(既……又……),either…or(或者……或者……),neither…nor…(既不……又不……),not only…but also(不但……而且),as…as…(和……一样……)等。
(3)短语连词
如:as is/as though(仿佛),as soon as(一……就……),as well as(也,又),so that(以便;结果),in case(假使;以免),in order that(为了……)等。
(4)分词连词。它们由动词的分词转变而来
如:supposing(假如),considering(考虑到),provided(只要)等。
2.根据连词的句法功能分类
根据连词的句法功能,连词可分为并列连词和从属连词两类
(1)并列连词
并列连词用来连接,按其作用可分为并列、转折、选择和因果等四大类。
①并列关系
用来连接两个概念,常见的连词有:and……和……,……以及……,both…and…既……又……,not only…but also…不但……而且,neither…nor…既不……又不……,as well as 也,又。
Ⅰ.and
My tall friend is handsome,intelligent and strong.
我那高个子朋友英俊、聪明、身体又强壮。
She sings and dances very well.她唱歌跳舞都很好。
[注意]
“祈使句+and+陈述句”用于代替条件从句。
如:Work hard and you will pass the examination.
你若是用功读书,就会考及格。
Go ahead and you will see the hospital.
向前走你就会看见医院。
Ⅱ.both…and
Both Tom and John came to see me.
汤姆和约翰两个都来看我。
Mary can both sing and bance.玛丽既会唱歌,又会跳舞。
[注意]
连接两个主语,谓语动词要用复数。如:
Both you and I enjoy music.你和我都喜欢音乐。
Ⅲ.not only…but also
Beijing has not only a lot of old houses but also many new buildings.
北京不仅有许许多多古建筑,而且还有很多很多的新楼房。
This girl is not only pretty but also clever.
这女孩不仅漂亮而且聪明。
[注意]
A.当连接两个主语时,谓语动词应与最近的主语在数上保持一致。
如:Not only he but also I am a teacher.
不仅他,我也是个老师。
B.由not only…but also…引导的句子可转换成as well as。如:
She is not only kind but also beautiful.
She is kind as well as beautiful.她不但漂亮,而且为人很好。
Ⅳ.neither…nor
Neither animals nor plants can live without air or water.
没有空气和水,动植物都不能活。
He neither wrote nor telephoned.他既没写信,也没有打电话。
[注意]
当此词组作主语时,谓语动词的用法由nor后面的词而定。
如:Neither you nor I am right.你和我都不对。
Ⅴ.as well as
She is beautiful as well as clever.她漂亮也聪明。
I entered for 100―meter―race as well as high jump.
我报名参加百米赛跑和跳高。
[注意]
A.如果主语是单数,尽管后面跟有as well as引起的短语,谓语动词仍有单数形式。如:
He as well as I is going to the concert.
不仅他我也要去听音乐会。
B.as well as侧重前者,而not only…but also…侧重后者。
②转折关系
表示两个概念彼此有转折关系,常见的连词有:but但是,yet然而,while而,however可是,然而。如:
She is not my girlfriend,but my sister.
她不是我的女朋友,而是我的妹妹。
She cut her hand badly,but didn’t cry.她伤了手,但并没有哭。
She isn’t tall,yet she is strong.她不高,但她结实。
The problem is difficult,however,many of us have solved it.
题是难一些,但我们很多人都做出来了。
However,on his arrival in Paris he was recognized as noble and thrown into prison.
可是,他一到巴黎就被认出是贵族,被关进了监狱。
③选择关系
表示两者之间选择其一,常见的连词有either…or…或者……或者……,不是……就是……,or否则,otherwise否则,or else否则。如:Do you speak either English or French?
你说英语还是说法语?
Either you or she is wrong.不是你错就是她错。
[注意]
either…or…连接主语时,谓语动词同后一个主语一致。如:
Either you or I am wrong.不是你错就是我错。
Either you or we do the housework.
不是你们就是我们做家务。
④因果关系
说明原因或产生的结果。常见的连词有:for因为,so所以,因此,therefore,所以,因而。如:
You’d better put on your sweater,for it’s rather cold outside.
你最好把毛衣穿上,因为外面相当冷。
These buildings were over 50 years old,so they were not strong enough.
这些建筑物已有50多年的寿命,因此不够坚固。
He broke the rules of the school,therefore he had to leave.
他违反了校规,因此只得退学。
(2)从属连词
用来连接主句和名词性从句或状语从句的连词叫从属连词。
①引导名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句或表语从句)的从属连词,有:that(无词义),whether/if。如:
He said(that)he had bought a new bike.
他说他买了一辆新自行车。
Ask her if she will come with me.请问她是否愿意跟我一起走。
He asked whether they needed some more tea.
他问他们是否还需要茶。
②引导状语从句的从属连词
Ⅰ连接时间状语从句的从属连词有:since,until,after,before,when,while,as,as soon as。如:
My father died before I was born.家父在我出生之前就去世了。
As I lefe the house,I remembered the key.
正要离开住所时,我想起了钥匙。
I’ll go with you as soon as I finish my work.
我一完成工作就和你一起去。
Let’s play football after school is over.放学后,咱们踢球吧。
He has lived in Beijing since he came to China.
他来华以来,一直住在北京。
Tom watched TV while he ate his supper.
汤姆边吃晚饭边看电视。
While she was listening to the radio,she fell asleep.
她听收音机时,睡着了。
He could swim very well when he was young.
他年轻的时候,游泳游得很好。
Wait here until I come back.在这儿等到我回来。
Go on till you see a tall building on your right.
往前走,直到在你的右侧看到一所高楼。
I didn’t go home until I cleaned the classroom yesterday afternoon.
昨天下午我直到打扫完教室才回家。
Ⅱ引导条件状语从句,如:if,even if,unless,in case,provided that,suppose(supposing),as long as,on condition that。如:
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow,I’ll go to the Great Wall.
如果明天不下雨,我就去长城。
Even if you fail again,you shouldn’t lose heart.
就是再次失败你也不应该灰心。
He’ll go there unless it rains.如果天不下雨,他将到那儿去。
You’d better take an umbrella in case it rains.
你最好把雨伞带去以防下雨。
I’ll go with you provided that everyone’s going.
如果人人都去,我就跟你一起去。
Supoose you are right,are you happy?假定你对,你高兴吗?
As long as he is alive,he’ll work.只要他活着,他就要工作。
I’m permitted to go out on condition that my homework is done.
我允许出去的条件是必须做完作业。
Ⅲ.引导原因状语从句,如:because,as,since,now that,seeing that,for。如:
I must hurry because it’s time for me for class.
我必须快点,因为该我上课了。
We had to walk all the way as we had no money for fares.
由于我们无钱买车票,就不得不徒步而行。
Since he is very busy,I won’t trouble him.
既然他很忙,我就不打扰他了。
Now that we are alone,we can speak freely.
既然没有别人了,我们就可以无拘束地谈谈了。
Seeing that nobody is eager to go,they’ll have to stay another day.
由于没人急于走,所以他们不得不再呆一天。
I’m late for class for I got up late.
我迟到是因为起晚了。
Ⅳ.连接方式状语从句的从属连词有:as,as if(as though)
It looks as if it was going to rain.看起来天气似乎要下雨。
When in Rome do as the Romans do.入乡随俗。
Ⅴ.连接结果状语从句的从属连词有:so…that,such…that
He is such a good person that we all like him.
他是如此好的一个人,以致我们都喜欢他。
He worked so hard that he made good progress.
他工作得如此努力,以致取得很大进步。
Ⅵ.连接让步状语从句的从属连词有:although,though,howeve
Although she was tired,she kept on working.
虽然她很累,但仍继续工作。
Though he is young,he knows a lot.
他虽然年轻,但知道的很多。
Ⅶ.连接目的状语的从属连词有:that,so that,in order that
I’ll speak slowly so that you can understand me.
为了让你们能听懂我的话,我说慢一点。
It also shows you the caller;s telephone number in order that you recognize who it is.
它也向你显示发话人的电话号码,以便你清楚是谁给你打的电话。
Ⅷ.比较的从属连词有than,as/so…as
The earth is bigger than the moon(is).地球比月球大。
This pencil is as long as that one.这支铅笔和那支一样长。
二、典型考题精析
1.He is rich, he isn’t happy.(南京)
A.orB.so C.and D.but
[答案]D。评析:and,but,or,so均为并列关系。And表示并列关系,but表示转折关系,or表示选择关系,so表示因果关系。根据题意,下文为转折关系,答案为D。
2.Study hard,you won’t pass the coming English exam.(湖南)
A.and B.butC.or D.if
[答案]C。评析:本题考查“祈使句,+or/and+陈述句”这一句型结构。用or时,祈使句部分相当于if引导的否定条件句;而用and,祈使部分相当于if引导的肯定条件句。答案为C。另外还须注意下面同义句的转换:
Get up early,or you’ll miss the bus.
=If you don’t get up early,you’ll miss the bus.
Get up early,and you’ll catch the bus.
=If you get up early,you’ll catch the bus.
3.I do my homework at eight in the evening, does my sister.(北京)
A.so B.and
C.such D.neither
[答案]A。评析:当后一句描述的人或物与前一句的人或物具有相同的情况时,后一句通常用简略的倒装句来表达,其结构为;so+助动词+主语。肯定句用so,不用such;否定句用neither或nor。正确选项为A。如:
He can’t speak Russian,neither/nor can I.
4.He couldn’t speak English, could he write it.(云南)
A.and B.but
C.then D.nor
[答案]D。评析:and,but在句中作连词,then作副词,无需用倒装语序,且此处若用它们逻辑也不通。而nor用作并列连词,表示否定的连续,要用倒装语序,答案为D。
5.My father was reading I was doing my homework.(陕西)
A.before B.when
C.while D.until
[答案]C。评析:while作连词,表示“当……的时候”,强调主句的动作在从句动作发生的过程中或主从句动作同时发生,含有两个动作相对照、相比较的意思,这时常译为“一边……一边……”,答案为C。
6.Though he studies hard, he doesn’t pass the exam.(山东)
A.but B./
C.however D.and
[答案]B。评析:汉语中的“虽然……但是”,英语中不能同时使用,thoughh和but只能用其中的一个词。类似汉语中的“因为……所以”,英语中也不能把because和so同时使用,答案为B。
7.Sue is ill, she can’t go to school today.(宁夏)
A.because B.when
C.so D.and
[答案]C。评析:“苏病了,因此她今天不能上学。”so是连词,“因此,所以”之意,它引出事情的结果;because引导原因状语从句,引出事情的原因;when引导时间状语从句,表示“当……的时候”;and是并列连词,答案为C。
8.You’d better do it your mother did.(河南)
A.when B.as
C.like D.because
[答案]B。评析:as作连词用时可以引导原因状语从句,时间状语从句,让步状语从句,方式状语从句和比较状语从句。此题题意为“你最好按照你母亲做的方式做”,as在此句中引导方式状语从句。
9.copmputer can only doyou have told it to do.
A.how B.after
C.what D.when
[答案]C。评析:在这个从句中,连接词在从句中充当do的宾语,表示做的内容,而how表示方式,when和after表示时间,故正确答案为C。
10.Mr.Smith comes from Australia,but he has worked in China for five years.So you can talk with him .(江西)
A.either in English or in Chinese
B.not in Chinese but in English
C.just in English,not in Chinese
D.neither in Chinese nor in English
[答案]A。评析:此题考查考生根据情境正确选择连词的能力。Either…or是两者中任一个;not…but不是……而是;just只是;neither…nor两者都不。这个澳大利亚人在中国工作了五年,可见他是两种语言都会,你任选一种语言跟他交谈都可以。故正确答案为A。
三、专项强化精练
1.―We get knowledgefrom booksfrom life.
―Yes,both are important.[2002 云南]
A.either;or B.not only;but also
C.nither;nor D.not;but
2.My uncle doesn’t have much moneyhe always enjoys[2003广西]
A.but B.so
C.and D.or
3.The scientist knows two languages.He can speakEnglish French.[2003 广西]
A.either;or B.neither;nor
C.both;and D.so;that
4.My grandfather is over 80he is very healthy.[2003 贵阳]
A.but B.and
C.or D.because
5.Be careful you will fall off the tree.[2003 北京西城]
A.so B.or
C.but D.and
6.―Will the foreigners have any problems talking with Chinese in20008?
―I don’t think so.Now the youthe old can speak some English.[2003 湖北黄冈]
A.either;or B.not only;but also
C.enither;nor D.both;or
7.I won’t believe that the five-year-old boy can read five thousand words I have tested him myself.[2003 山东]
A.after B.when
C.if D.until
8.You should wash your hands you have meals.[2003 湘潭]
A.when B.before
C.as soon as D.while
9.Never give up you’ll make it.[2003陕西]
A.and B.but
C.or D.yet
10.Lucy and Lily are twins.Lucy likes playing basketballLily doesn’t.[2003 北京]
A.and B.as
C.but D.or
11.Green came to China in 2000he has lived here ever since.[2003武汉]
A.and B.or C.but
12.―I’m going to the supermarket.
―will you get me some chocolates you are there Mum?[2003 江西]
A.since B.because
C.if D.while
13.―This dress was last year’s style.
―I think it still looks perfect in has gone out this year.[2003杭州]
A.so that B.even though
C.as if D.even since
14.The book was so interesting that he had read it for three hours he realized it.[2003 安徽]
A.when B.until
C.after D.before
15.The poor man ate a big breakfasthe said he wasn’t hungry.[2003 广西]
A.since B.because
C.though D.for
答案:
1―5 B A C A B 6―10 B D B A C
11―15A D B D C