英语四级阅读理解题型 [中考英语阅读理解中的新题型及解题对策]

　　中考英语试卷，命题方式灵活，题型多样。除了常见的选择题外，近几年中考英语阅读理解的命题在题型上一直在创新。综观各省市考题，主要出现了三种新题型：判断正误型，回答问题型，完成短文型。除了判断正误型外，其他二种题型通常以“任务型阅读”这一标题出现。
　　
　　一、判断正误题
　　
　　这类阅读理解题一般在短文后设置五道题，每小题均为一个句子。要求考生判断这个句子的意思是否与原文相符。例如：
　　阅读短文,根据短文内容判断句子正误。
　　My name is Jack. It was my birthday yesterday. An old lady stopped me on the street. “It is your birthday ,”she said .“Let me look at your hand .Yes, you have a friend Mark ,and you like ice-cream and cheese. Today you will see fire（火）”; you mother will go away and a tige will come to your house.”
　　I went to Mark’s home. He and his sister made a birthday cake and lighted the candles for me .But I was thinking about the old lady’s words. I wanted to go home , so I said goodbye to them and ran home. Good there was no fire ,but mum wasn’t at home .Oh, no…. I thought about the old lady’s words again. Then Mum walked in with Mark and a box . “Here’s your present. It’s a lovely little dog and its name is Tiger,” said Mum . “But how about the fire and the old lady?” I asked “The fire is the candles ,” Mark smiled and said, “and we hired the old lady.”
　　()61. It was Jack’s birthday yesterday.
　　()62. Jack liked to have a tiger and some icecream for his birthday.
　　()63. Mark and her sister made a birthday cake for Jack .
　　()64. On his birthday, Jack got a little tiger as his birthday present.
　　()65. Jack’s mother and his friend Mark hired the old lady.
　　（四川成都市高中招生考试英语试卷）
　　Answers:61.A62.B63 .A64.B65.A
　　这类题是对文章中的某句，某段，某一具体细节或重要信息的提问，常常涉及到年代，地点，数字及事实等。在做这类题时，最好先读问题，明确要求看清题意，在明确题意的基础上，有所侧重地去细读文章。对关键语句留心，对没有注解的生词，不必花费太多时间。只有完全符合文章意思的句子，才能判定为正确。
　　
　　二、回答问题型
　　
　　综合众多考题得出这类阅读理解题还可细分为两类：
　　1. 一类是在短文后设置五个问题，要求考生根据短文内容，用英文正确回答问题。
　　例如阅读下面的短文,并根据短文内容回答问题。
　　 Now and then we all get ill. Then we usually go to see a doctor. Doctors know a lot about what makes us ill. They may give us something to take. The medicine often makes us well again.
　　But sometimes the doctor’s medicine doesn’t work. A sick person does not get well. The pain will not go away. This happened to one man. He was in hospital, but he was not getting well. Then he found a new “doctor” inside himself. This “doctor” was his own sense of humor（幽默感）. He saw funny films. He read funny books. And something wonderful happened. Laughing took away his pain. Then he was able to sleep and rest. His own happy feeling helped him to feel well again. He said laughing was his best “medicine”. His doctor thought so , too.
　　Another man was ill , and he had a terrible pain in his back .The doctors could not stop it from hurting. So the man began to “picture” his pain. In his head he “drew” a picture of a dog. He imagined it as a real dog. And he made friends with the dog. And his pain went away.
　　These stories may surprise you. But more and more people are getting well in this way. So visit the “doctor” inside your own head and you can stay happy and well.
　　76. Does medicine always work?
　　77. Who is the sick man’s new doctor?
　　78. Who made the second patient well again, the doctor or the “dog” in his head?
　　79. Why does the writer ask us to visit the “doctor” inside our heads?
　　80. What can you learn from the story?
　　( 湖北荆州市中考英语试题)
　　Answers:
　　76. No, it doesn’t.
　　77. (It was) His sense of humour.
　　78. The “dog” in (inside) his head.
　　79. We can stay happy and well.
　　80. Sometimes a patient can help himself in his own way. ( To stay happy is a good way for people to keep healthy.)
　　2. 另一类是完成表格题，即在短文后面设一个表格，根据文章内容将表格内容补充完整，通常也是五个空。
　　例如阅读短文，将下面的课程表补充完整。
　　The new school term is coming. Now the school clerks are planning a new timetable for Class 7, Grade 9. There are six classes every day, four in the morning and two in the afternoon. The students have a maths class every day. And they have seven English classes in a week. Two of them are given by a foreign teacher and should be arranged(安排)together on Thursday morning.
　　There are five Chinese classes in a week. Two of them should also be arranged one after the other for the students to write their compositions.
　　They have two physics classes in a week but on different days. Besides these, there is an art class every Wednesday afternoon.
　　It’s necessary and important for students to take enough exercise. So they have two PE classes every week. And they can do outdoor activities after school every afternoon.
　　
　　（福建福州市课改实验区高中招生考试）
　　Answers: 111. physics112. math113. art114. English115. Chinese
　　解答此类题目时，首先应该快速读一下文章后面的题目，然后带着这些问题，有的放矢地去阅读文章，获取与题目有关的各种信息，可以一边读，一边标那些与文章后面所设问题有关信息。书写答案时应注意单词的拼写，时态，句子的结构，人称等与题目一致，同时要注意所回答内容要完整，与原文一致。对那些在文章中不能直接找到答案的问题，必须先通读全文，对获得信息进行筛选，提炼，综合，归纳，才能得出答案。
　　
　　三、完成短文型
　　
　　此种类型也可分两类。
　　1．一类是在短文中设10个空，给出所要填写单词的首字母，要求考生根据文章内容填写适当单词，使文意通顺。
　　例如阅读短文，在短文后1-10小题空白处写出各单词的正确形式，单词的第一个字母已给出。
　　Catherine and Martin met in England before they came to Australia. At that time, Martin was a minister(牧师)in a church, and it was three v ( 1 )away from Catherine’s. One evening , they happened to have dinner t( 2 ) in the restaurant. They e ( 3 ) their talk and laughed a lot. The young man soon won Catherine’s h ( 4 ) , so she asked him whether he would marry her in church. The minister was very surprised and said that her q ( 5 )came quite unexpected. Catherine realized that he had not understood her c ( 6 ) , so she laughed and said, “ What I m ( 7 ) is, when I get married in church ,will you be the minister who marries me and my husband?” They both laughed, and they had a nice evening .However they talked so happily that an idea into Martin’s head. He realized that he had a ( 8 ) fallen in love with Catherine and he wanted to marry her. So a few days later, he visited her and asked her to marry him. Catherine felt proud and pleasant, and a ( 9 )it. Soon after they were married, they m ( 10 ) to Australia.
　　1. v___ 2.t___ 3.e___ 4.h___ 5.q___
　　6.c___ 7.m___ 8.a___ 9.a___ 10.m___
　　（湖北武汉市课改实验区中考试卷）
　　Answers: 1.villages 2.together 3.enjoyed4. heart 5.question6.correctly7.mean8.already9.accepted10. moved
　　2. 另一类是在文章中留出4-5个空格，在文章之前或之后提供4-5个句子，根据文意将这几个句子填到文中合适的位置。
　　例如阅读短文，把A-D 四个句子填到文中空缺处，使短文内容完整正确。
　　Summer holidays are coming soon. Are you going to travel? If you plan to take a plan, you will have a healthy trip by following these suggestions(建议).
　　1. Bring some needed medicines in your carry-on bag.
　　2. Don’t leave your seat during the plane’s take offs and landings.
　　3. To prevent blood clots (血流不畅)：
　　71.___________________________
　　Do leg-stretching (伸) in your seat.
　　Wear comfortable clothes.
　　4. If you sometimes get airsick:
　　72.___________________________
　　Keep your seat belt fastened( 系好安全带).
　　Don’t take small planes.
　　5. 73.________________________Don’t take wine or alcohol ( 酒 )。
　　6. Use both hands when reaching overhead for something. 74.__________________
　　A. This will help prevent yourself from getting hurt.
　　B. Better drink water of juice when you feel thirsty.
　　C. Get up and walk around every 60 to 90 minutes.
　　D. Ask for a window seat or a seat over the wing.
　　(河北课改区初中升学考试)
　　Answers:71.C72. D73. B74. A
　　解答此类题首先要通读全文，正确理解文章大意。在正确理解文意的基础上，根据句中的时间状语（副词，短语或连词）句中或句意所隐含的条件，上下文的意思和前后时态来综合判断，注意所填单词和句子的确切含义和拼写形式，以及所完成的句子的意义与上下文在情理和逻辑上要相符合。
　　（责任编辑 胡新秀）