【英语比较级的巧译】 英语四六级比较级句型和译法
时间：2018-12-24 03:26:48 来源：柠檬阅读网 本文已影响 人 
中学英语教材中，英语的比较级是一个语法重点，同时又是一个难点，也是每年中考的考点。在教学中发现不少学生在翻译英语比较级句子时，不够准确，书写时，容易混淆其结构。这样既影响了学生对英语短文中的语句正确理解，又影响了学生中考成绩。笔者就中学英语的比较级类型浅淡其英汉互译。
英语中的形容词和副词，可分为比较级和最高级。其比较句结构有：
1、同级比较(as+adj：／adv．as…)这个结构是英语里最常见的同级比较说法。
eg．This case is as heavy as that one．
这个箱子和那个(箱子)一样重。
I"ve been down as long as two hours．
我已经潜水长达两小时了。
注意①该结构中如果出现作表语或宾语的名词，这个名词一般放在as…as…结构中：
eg．There is as much clean water in this bucket as in that one．
这个桶和那个桶里的干净水一样多。
I can’t drink as sweet coffee as this．这么甜的咖啡我不能喝。
②如果在as…as…结构中第二个as引导的是不同的人或物，含义有所变化，不再表示同级比较的概念。
eg．He is as brave as honest．他既诚实又勇敢。
He is as brave as his sister is honest．他妹妹诚实而他则勇敢。
⑧如果在结构前出现倍数，整个结构用以表示包括基数的数量比较，可译成“是…的几倍”或“比…增加”(或大／多)几倍。
eg．He can do it three times as fast as you．他干这个比你要快两倍。或者译成：他干这个的速度是你的三倍。
They were getting twice as much as l was getting for the same work．干的是同样的工作，可他们得到的(钱)是我的两倍。(或…比我多一倍)。
④表示：“和…不一样”时，可用“not as (so) …as…结构：
He is not so／ as tall as his father．他没有他父亲的个子高。
The boy can’t walk so fast as my sister．那个男孩子没有我妹妹走得快。
2、甲乙比较(必须在同类事物或人之间进行，形容词(副词比较级+than…)。
eg．She is taller than I．她比我高。
They worked harder than they promised．他们工作比许诺更努力。
It"s easier to say than to do．说比做容易。
Your English is worse than mine．你的英语比我的差。
In winter，the weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai．在冬天，北京天气比上海天气更冷。
3、表示“比任何人(事物) …都…”，可用结构：形容词/副词比较级+than any other+单数名词；形容词/副词比较级+than all other+复数名词；形容词/副词比较级+than anyone／anything else。
eg．My sister is shorter than any other girl in her class．
我妹妹在她的班里比其他任何女孩子都矮。
Our city is larger than all other cities．
我们的城市比其它任何城市都大。
My head teacher is busier than anyone else in his school．
我的班主任在他的学校里比任何人都忙。
注意有些表示程度的词或名词组可以用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级，常见的有：many much／far／even／still／a bit／yet／a lot／a little／not any／three years／a great deal／rather etc．
eg．My mother is much younger than my father．
我妈妈比我爸爸年轻多了。
4、the more… the more和more…more…，前者表示“对应增加”，比较只是一种累进的方式，并不表示“超过”或“不及”的意思，因此永远不能接than结构。此结构中，第一个the more相当于一个程度状语从句，第二个the more为主句。more…more…也是对应增加的说法，它实际上可以看作是前者the more…the more结构的一种特殊形式。
区别是more…more…结构一般没有省略或改变词序的现象。其含义也是“越…越…”，但语气不及the more…the more…结构强。试比较：
As l grow older，my vision becomes poorer／worse．
年岁越大，我们视力就越差。
The more haste，the less speed．(Proverb)
心里愈急，行动愈慢。(或：欲速则不达)
The sooner，the better．越快越好。
The harder you study，the greater progress you’ll make．
你学习越努力，进步就越大。
The busier the farmers are，the happier they are．
农民们越是忙，就越高兴。
The more you have，the more you want．你越有越想要。
5、more and more…结构是一个比较常见的渐进增加或逐次增加的说法。意思是“越来越…”和“越发…”，它可以变式为：less and less(表示否定越来越不…)，er+and+…er(也是表示渐进增加的说法)。
eg．He felt he began to see things more and more clearly．
他感觉到他开始越来越看清事物的真相。
He became less and less interested．他越来越不感兴趣。
It"s getting colder and colder．天气越来越冷。
6、把握好比较级和最高级的易混易错点。
①避免双重比较
误Her manners are more better than those ofMike’s．
正Her manners are more better than those ofMike．
她的举止比迈克的更好。
②比较要符合逻辑。
误 Tokyo is larger than any city in Japan．
正 Tokyo is larger than any other city in Japan．
正 Tokyo is the largest of all the cities in Japan．
东京是日本最大的城市。
误 The farmer is taller than any other student in the class．
正 The farmer is taller than any student in the class．
这位农民比班上任何一名学生都高。
注意如果比较句中的二者不属同一群体，则不能用other。
③比较级和最高级前的修饰语不能误用。
误My sister is very younger than I．
正My sister is much (far) younger than I．
我的姐姐比我年轻多了。
④最高级后的介词in或of短语表示比较的范围。
误It"s the most beautiful plane of the world．
正It"s the most beautiful plane in the world．
“in”表示“在……内(指导范围内)，其后跟表示单位、时间、组织等概念的单数名词或代词。“of”表示“属性”(指在同类人、物中)，它后面可跟①the+基数词或+the+基数词+名词基数；②all+the(one’s)+名词复数或作代词。
eg．What"s the best sport in winter?冬天从事什么运动最好?
Li Ping dances the best of the three girls．
李萍在这三个女孩中舞跳得最好。
Of all the stars，the sun is the nearest to the earth．
在所有的星星当中，太阳离地球最近。
⑤形容词最高级前要用the。
误It"s best bike I have ever ridden．
正It"s the best bike I have ever ridden．
它是我曾经骑过的最好的自行车。
有两种情况形容词最高级前不用定冠词the．(1)只充当表语；(2)前面有物主代词，名词所有格或者序数词等词语修饰时。
eg．My parents are busiest in autumn．我父母在秋季最忙。
She is our best maths teacher．她是我们最好的数学老师。
Autumn is my parents’busiest season．秋季是我父母最忙的季节。
⑥比较级前要用the。
误He is shorter of the two.
正He is the shorter of the two(boys)．
他是这两个 (男孩) 中较矮的一个。
当对两种性质相同的人或事物进行比较时，英语有两种译法：一是：A is shorter than B．二是：A is the shorter of the two(复数名词)。
⑦形容词比较级前加no或not含义不一样。
eg．My Chinese is no better than his．我的中文跟他一样不行。
My Chinese is not better than his．我的中文不比他好。
⑧表示比较的中文句子，可以用英语不同的表达方式翻译。
eg．(1)夏天是一年中最热的季节。
Summer is the hottest season in the year．
Summer is hotter than any other season in the year．
No other season is as hot as summer．
(2)罗斯长得比玛丽瘦。
Rose is thinner than Mary．
Mary is fatter than Rose．
Rose is the thinner of the two(girls)．
(3)吴军是班级里个子最高的。
Wu Jun is the tallest in his Class．
Wu Jun is the tallest student in his class．
Wu Junis taller than his classmates．
Wu Jun is the tallest of the students in his class．
Of all the students，Wu Jun is the tallest in his class．
Wu Jun is taller than any of the other students in his class．
Wu Jun is taller than any other student in his class．
Wu Jun is taller than any of the others in his class．
Wu Jun is taller than all of the others in his class．
Wu Jun is taller than any body／anyone else in the class．
No body else in the class is as tall as Wu Jun
No one is taller than Wu Jun in theclass．
Wu Jun is taller than all the others in his class．
（责任编辑 胡新秀）
