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    [论《哈克贝里费恩历险记》中的对比]哈克贝利·费恩历险记

    时间:2018-12-23 12:28:39 来源:柠檬阅读网 本文已影响 柠檬阅读网手机站

      Analysis of the Contrasts In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn   Introduction    ⅠThe contrast of soul and heart between the black people and the white people
       A. The attitude and love that Huckleberry Finn get from his white drunk father and black kind Jim
       B. Kindhearted friendly Jim and greedy, cruel, trickish Duke and King
       C. The family struggle of Grangerfords and Shepherdsons in contrast to the freedom given by Miss Watson
      Ⅱ The contrast between Huckleberry Finn’s school education and social education.
      A. The difference betweenschool lifeand adventures on rafts
      B. The inner moral struggle between Huckleberry Finn’s affection for Jim and the laws of the society
      C. The distinction between racism and slavery society and Tom Sawyer, Huckleberry Finn’s antislavery spirit
      Ⅲ The contrast of alternate settings between the Mississippi River and the civilized town, the rafts and the land
      A. The peaceful, quiet, free river and the civilized, cruel, autocrat town
      B. The rafts and the land
      
      摘要 马克吐温,真名塞缪尔.朗荷恩.克列门斯,是那个时候最著名的人物之一。他受到各地人民的尊敬爱戴。他给千千万万的人带来了欢笑,但是他的哀愁与他的幽默一样深沉。威廉.福克纳曾经写道:“马克吐温是第一个美国的真正作家,我们都是他的继承者。” 马克吐温写下了许多著名的小说,其中最著名的是他的代表作   ChapterⅡ The Contrast of Huckleberry Finn"s Education between in School and in Society. The primary theme of the novel is the conflict between civilization and natural life. Huck represents natural life through his free spirit, his uncivilized ways, and his desire to escape from civilization. He is brought up without any rules and has a strong resistance to anything that might "civilize" him. This conflict is introduced in the first chapter through the efforts of Widow Douglas: she tries to force Huck to wear new clothes, give up smoking, and to learn the Bible. Through the novel, Mark Twain seems to suggest the ideas that uncivilized way of life is better and civilization corrupts rather than improves human beings. The food is one that occurs in many parts of the novel. It is based on the fact that Huck grows up fighting for food with pigs, eating our of "a barrel of odds and ends." Thus whenever there is mentioned of food, it is a sign that Huck has someone to take care of him. For example, in the first chapter it is Douglas who feeds Huck. Later Jim, who takes care of Huck on Jackson’s Island, replaces her. Staying with Jim, Huck is puzzled by the conflict that whether he should help Jim escape from enslavement (then he will go to the hell) or reveal Jim"s track under the social atmosphere of slavery and racism. Finally, he decides to set Jim free because he has developed and received moral education in society. Huck"s youth is an important factor in his moral education over the course of the novel, for we sense that only a child is open-minded enough to undergo the kind of development that Huck does. Since Huck and Tom are youth, their age lends a sense of play to their actions, which excuses them in certain ways and also deepens the novel"s commentary on slavery and society. Ironically, Huck often knows better than the adults around him, even though he has lacked the guidance that a proper family and community should have offered him. Mark Twain also frequently draws links between Huck"s youth and Jim"s status as a black man: both are vulnerable, yet Huck, because he is white, has power over Jim. And on a different level, the silliness, pure joy, and naïveté of childhood give Huckleberry Finn a sense of fun and humor. Through its themes are quite weighty, the novel itself feels light in tone and is an enjoyable read because of this rambunctious childhood excitement that enlivens the story. The theme of money is threaded through the novel and is used to highlight the disparity between the rich and the poor. Mark Twain purposely begins the novel by pointing out that Huck has over six thousand dollars to his name; this sum of money dwarfs all the other sums and makes them seem inconsequential by contrast. It is also within this context that Huck is able to show such a relaxed attitude towards wealth. Having so much money, he does not view money as a necessity. In addition, Huck’s upbringing on the land has made him independent enough that he views money as a luxury. Huck’s views on money are meant to contrast with Jim’s views. Jim sees money as equivalent to freedom; with money he can buy his freedom and that of his family. Money also would allow him to live like a white person, thus raising his status in the society. Thus, throughout the novel Jim constantly tries to get money whereas Huck takes an apathetic attitude towards the subject. So whether Huck’s childhood, money, or food has significant effect on his moral education and development.
      Chapter Ⅲ The Contrast of Alternate Settings between the Mississippi River and the Civilized Town, the Rafts and the Land
      The story starts with Huck’s life on land and ends with his experience on Phelps’ farm. It is interesting that Huck shows indifference about the so-called “civilization” on land, and he tries every means to leave the land with the dream of returning to the nature, which is connected to Mark Twain’s own experiences. He recalls the country life before the Industrial Revolution and Utterly detests many kinds of maladies led by modern civilization. In 1882, he returned to the Mississippi River where was not the appearance that he regarded it as a paradise during his childhood, while where is full of signs of modern industrialization. In nineteenth century, America, especially the West, was filled with cheat and cruelty. In that moneyed society, money became a medium for interpersonal relationships and a goal that everyone pursued. It is this idea that money is everything spreads widely so that all people more or less have been affected. Tom and Huck gain ill-gotten wealth, which shocks everyone in St. Petersburg. They prize house boards one by one, even the foundations, in order to own the fortune. Huck’s father compels him to hand out the money for drinking; Miss Watson sells Jim to slave dealers for eight hundred dollars; and Judge Thatcher practices usury with Huck’s six hundred dollars. Money is everywhere because it is a part of American dreams. All of these happen in that town or on the land. In sharp contrast, on the Mississippi River, there is full of happiness, freedom, and equality. Mark Twain uses a river to string Huck and Jim’s destiny and various events, vast background in America together. The author writes daily life along the river and kinds of ills of that time in realism; while he depicts Huck and Jim’s free life on Mississippi and on island in romantism.
      The story also shows human mature is decent. Different educations have totally opposite results. One should learn to read the world around him according to his sense of logic, his conscience and experiences. And love is all around the world because it can break through racism, prejudice, and prerogative. Only love itself can save love.

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